Winter green manure to improve soil fertility
Winter green manure crops play an important role in improving soil, fertility, raising crop yield and quality, and reducing environmental pollution. The high-yielding cultivation technology of winter green manure is as follows:
Timely sowing of late rice fields is planted 15 to 20 days before rice is harvested. The rice fields in the first season are sown immediately after harvest, and the straw in the rice fields is removed or concentrated before planting. When the seeds are sown, it is required that the fields be moist, and the foot should not be muddy or sink. It is advisable that the wet land be drained, and the dry land may be filled with shallow water before sowing, and the water may be naturally dried and then sown.
Appropriate planting of "three flowers" mixed broadcast. Mixing sowing of three crops of Ziyunying (1.5kg/mu), Manyuanhua (0.2kg/mu) and rapeseed (0.1kg/mu) can save seed cost and form three layers of flowers on the ground and three layers underground. Roots, make full use of light, improve fresh grass production.
Seed treatment drying. Before sowing, you should select sunny noon and spread green manure seeds for 4 to 5 hours to increase the vitality of seeds.
Selection. Ziyunying seeds are often mixed with black seeds, alfalfa seeds, sclerotia, and impurities. The use of salt water with a specific gravity of 1.09 (100 kg of water plus 15 kg of salt) or mud water (concentration is based on floating eggs) can be used to remove impurities, remove sclerotia, and improve seed quality.
Wiping. As the seeds of the milk vetch have a layer of wax, the water permeability is poor, and it is not easy to absorb water. This not only affects the germination, but also affects the effect of seed dressing with Rhizobium. Before sowing, double the amount of fine sand by the amount of seeds, and grasp with hands so that the seeds and sand rub each other. Or use a rice mill until the surface is smooth. Rub sand and wax to make the seed coat thin and easy to absorb water and germinate. Commodity seeds have been processed and can not be wiped.
Soaking. Seed soaking with fresh water for 12 to 14 hours before sowing, so that it draw enough water, in order to facilitate the emergence of fast and orderly, but if the soil is too dry, the possibility of rain after sowing is not great, it should not be soaked.
Seed dressing. Rhizobium dressing. For the first-planted or multi-year-old plots where no vetch was grown, there were few rhizobia in the soil, and the rhizobial fungicides were used to increase the yield and nitrogen fixation of the Chinese bryophyte. Rhizobium agents should pay attention to the selection of varieties matched with the Chinese milk vetch. Rhizobium dosage and usage see product instructions. Phosphate fertilizer seed dressing. Milk vetch seedlings are more sensitive to phosphate fertilizers, generally about 5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per acre (but first with 2 to 3 times the screening organic fertilizer mix) seed dressing is conducive to robust growth.
Strengthen field management Before the harvest of late rice, the field was dried to ensure that the soil in the field was dry and dry when harvested, and that the seedlings were prevented from being pressed into the mud and died. When the rice is harvested, the pile is high, about 30 to 40 centimeters, which is not only beneficial to the heat preservation of the milk vetch, but also reduces the amount of straw removed from the field. After the rice is harvested, timely remove the straw or put the straw together and open the drainage and irrigation ditch. Small field, around the ditch or center ditch can be. Earthy viscous or large fields, in addition to open ditch around, but also should be every 5 to 10 meters to open the middle ditch, ditch the same. In case of drought in autumn and winter, the topsoil is white, and Ziyunying leaves reddish yellow should be moisturized with water. When there is a lot of rain in the spring, drain the drains.
Scientific fertilization and fertilization are mainly based on phosphorus and potash fertilizers. After emergence, 250 to 300 kilograms of diluted manure water is used in combination with drought-resistance pouring to fully utilize pre-winter temperature and light conditions to accelerate seedling growth. In mid-December, 500 kg of soil-fertilizer per mu and 20-25 kg of superphosphate are used to enhance cold-resistance, reduce freezing damage, and give full play to the effect of phosphorus-enhanced nitrogen. After the spring, look at the fields and see how the seedlings can apply the seedlings quickly. In general, the application of 2 to 3 kg of urea and 3 to 5 kg of potassium oxide in Mushi can achieve the purpose of raising large and small fertilizers with small fertilizers and replacing organic fertilizers with inorganic fertilizers.
The main diseases of pest control green manure are sclerotinia and powdery mildew. The pests mainly include thrips, aphids, and leaf miners, and they should do a good job in comprehensive prevention and control. Sclerotinia and powdery mildew can be controlled with Bordeaux mixture and can be killed 1000 times, and thrips, aphids, and leaf miners can be treated with 1,000 times the quinone and biting spirit.
The pressure is turned over 15 to 20 days before full flowering or early rice transplanting. When the flowering period is overturned, the yield of the fresh grass of Ziyunying is high, the fertilizer efficiency is good, and it is perishable. A rice field in one season can also be turned back to the field when the green manure seeds are partially mature in mid-May.
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