Morphological characteristics of castor

Morphological characteristics

Urtica is a subshrub, 1-2 m tall; stems, inflorescences, and petioles densely short or villous. Leaves alternate, broadly ovate or suborbicular, surface rough, abaxially densely interwoven with white pilose. Flower monoecious, inflorescences integrated into conical umbellates, female inflorescences located above male inflorescences; male flowers tepals 4, stamens 4; female flowers tubular, finely hirsute. Achene oval, about 1.5 mm long. Flower and fruit period from July to October.

Strong roots are formed by underground stems and roots. Ricinus communis, which generally reproduces with vegetative bodies, does not have main roots. Many fine roots occur from the underground stems. Some of them have sub-forming layers that swell into radishes and have a smooth surface. Their secondary xylem parenchyma cells contain a large amount of starch and have storage nutrients. Function, it is called storage root. Most of the root groups are distributed in soil layers 30-50cm deep, and a few roots can be buried up to 1m deep.

The top buds of each branch of the underground stem grow, stick out of the ground, and become the stem above the ground. The stems on the ground are clumped, upright, cylindrical, with hairy surface, about 1.5-2m in height and 0.8-1.2cm in diameter at the base. Generally, they do not branch, green or reddish, and are corky and brownish when mature. The primary fiber is outside the phloem and has a relatively high economic value, resulting from the differentiation of primary meristems. Generally, the fresh stem has a hemp rate of 4-6%, and the fresh skin has a hemp rate of 10-15%. The xylem of the stem is loose. Or hollow, easy to break.

The length of the single fiber of ramie is 60-250mm, which is the longest among the hemp crops. Diameter 17-64um, polygonal cross-section, oval.

Leaves alternate, leaves ovate, elliptic or suborbicular, margin serrate, leaf surface rough or wrinkled, green or yellow-green, silvery white wool on back, main stem of petiole, leaf blade or stipules green or Yellow-green, sometimes red, purple. Androgynous different flowers. The male flower inflorescence is in the middle and lower part of the stem, and the female flower inflorescence is in the upper part. At the junction of the male and female, two male and female flowers are often planted on the same inflorescence. The male flower is tepals 4, yellow-green, with 4 stamens, ovary degenerate, anthers yellow-white, reniform, 2-loculed. Female flowers are pot-shaped, densely hairy, apex 2-4 cleft, bud stage red, yellow or green. Achene is very small, oblate spheroid or ovoid, long 1-1.3mm, width 1mm, thickness about 0.8mm, brown, 1000-grain weight 0.05-0.15g, oil content 15-34%.

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