Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation technology
First, the environmental conditions required for growth and development
1 nutrition. Pleurotus ostreatus has many nutrients that can be used, and both woody plant residues and fibrous plant residues can be utilized. In artificial cultivation, the output of waste cotton, cottonseed husks, corn cobs, cotton stalks and soybean stalks are higher in order, and other agricultural and forestry wastes can also be used, such as sawdust, rice straw, wheat straw, and corn cobs.
2 temperature. The mycelium growth temperature range and suitable temperature of different species of mycelial growth are not completely the same, most species and varieties can grow at 5-35 °C, 20-30 °C is a common suitable temperature range for their growth, low temperature and low temperature The optimum growth temperature for the variety is 24-26°C, the optimum growth temperature for middle and high temperature and wide temperature varieties is about 28°C, and the optimum growth temperature for the Pleurotus ostreatus is 25-27°C.
The formation and growth of fruiting bodies As mentioned above, from the perspective of the formation temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies, the varieties can be divided into several major temperature types. In addition to the special species of high-temperature type, these species with several major temperature types are mostly The mushrooms can be grown at 20°C. In a suitable temperature range, the higher the temperature, the faster the fruit body grows, the thinner the cap, and the lighter the color.
3 humidity. The water content of the substrate for mycelial growth was 60% - 65%, and when the matrix water content was insufficient, the germination was slow and the mushroom was postponed after the bacterium was completed. Raw material cultivation, when the matrix water content is too high, the air permeability is poor, the mycelium grows slowly, and it is easy to breed anaerobic bacteria or mold. The fruiting period is 70%-75%, and the fruit body grows rapidly and robustly when the relative humidity of the atmosphere is 85%-95%. When the 80%-95% of the fruiting body grows, the fruit cover is easy to dry or crack, and the longer time is over 95%. Easy to appear rotten mushrooms. In the raw material cultivation, we often adopt the method of partial drying and replenishing water in the mushrooming period to ensure that the germination period is not affected by the mold, and ensure sufficient water for fruiting period for mushrooming.
4 air. Pleurotus ostreatus is aerobic fungus, mycelium can grow normally under plastic film covering, and it can grow normally in bacteria bottle sealed with plastic film. Under certain carbon dioxide concentrations, mycelium grows better than normal carbon dioxide in the natural air. That is, a certain concentration of carbon monoxide can stimulate the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium, but the formation, differentiation and development of fruit bodies requires sufficient oxygen, and carbon dioxide is harmful to its growth and development. In the absence of oxygen and high concentrations of carbon dioxide, fruiting bodies are not easily formed, or the original primordium of fruiting bodies does not differentiate, or secondary differentiation occurs, or malformed mushrooms that are covered with small feet.
5 light. Phyllostachys edodes mycelium growth does not require light, but light inhibits the growth of mycelium. Therefore, a dark or low light environment should be given during germination. However, the occurrence or growth of fruiting bodies requires light, particularly the formation of fruit body primordia. In addition, the light intensity also affects the color of the fruit body and the length of the handle. In contrast, under strong light conditions, the fruit body has a darker color, a shorter shank, thicker flesh, and better quality; when the light is insufficient, the fruit body has a lighter color, the shank is longer, the meat is thin, and the quality is poor. Therefore, pay attention to give proper lighting during cultivation.
6 pH (pH). Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium can grow inside the pH range of 3.5-9.0, with a suitable pH of 5.4-7.5. In the cultivation, after mixing the natural culture material with the natural water, the pH of the matrix is ​​mostly 6.0-7.5, and the mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus is appropriate. However, in actual cultivation, quicklime is often added to increase the pH to a pH of 7.5-8.5 to inhibit mold and growth and ensure germination.
7 other. The growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus fruit body is sensitive to harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfide and acetylene in the air. When the concentration of these substances in the air is high, fruiting bodies grow stagnant, deformed, and even wither. In addition, it is also allergic to dichlorvos. After using dichlorvos to kill insects in the mushroom house, the fruit body will roll upwards to form "chicken claw mushroom." [Edit this paragraph] Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation There are many ways to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus in China. There are indoor bed plants, corn or soybeans and flat mushroom intercropping, plastic greenhouse cultivation.
Indoor bed planting
1. Construction of mushroom houses: Existing vacant rooms, basements, etc. can be transformed into mushroom houses. It is also possible to build new mushroom houses. Mushrooms should face south to the south and be located in a place with high ground, near water source, and convenient drainage. The size of the mushroom house is appropriate to the cultivation area of ​​20 square meters in the room. The roof and walls should be thick, and the doors and windows should be arranged in a rational way, which is conducive to heat preservation, moisturizing, ventilation and light transmission. The interior walls and floors are best cleaned with lime and cement for light disinfection. In addition, it is possible to construct a simple mushroom house, that is, a semi-underground mushroom house that is 1.5 to 2.0 meters down from the ground. In order to make full use of the mushroom room space, a bed frame can be set in the mushroom house for cultivation. The bed frame is arranged in a north-south direction. Do not rely on the wall or a 60 cm wide walkway between the bed frames. The upper and lower beds are 50 cm apart and the lower floor is 20 cm above the ground. Do not exceed the windows in the upper floor to avoid affecting the light. Bed width no more than 1 meter, easy to manage. The bed is covered with planks, bamboo rods or straw curtains.
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