Spring is often downcast and cold, early attention to the weather
The cold weather is a common weather phenomenon. The reason for its formation is not complicated. It was during the transition period from the winter monsoon to the summer monsoon that occurred around March. During this period, intermittent cold air from the northwest region often invaded, and the cold air was held south and south warm and humid air, forming a continuous low temperature and rainy weather. In general, when the average temperature in the ten days is lower than the average temperature by more than 2°C, there will be more serious downturns. The colder the air is, the stronger and later the colder the southward, the wider the cooling range, the greater the possibility of cold weather. The impact of late spring on agricultural production is mainly due to low temperature and chilling. The farmers’ friends must pay attention to the weather forecast from time to time in the spring when the weather changes, and take precautions in advance.
vegetables
The spring cold will affect the protected areas and exposed vegetables to varying degrees. In particular, nursery sheds will require more management.
Pre-disaster prevention firstly delays the sowing and raising of vegetables; secondly, it prepares for cold insulation in advance, such as warming and heat-retaining and filling materials such as shed film, straw and non-woven cloth, electric heating line and incandescent lamp; Timely dredge the ditch to avoid the accumulation of water in the field; Fourth, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve the plant's resistance to stress; Fifth, according to the weather forecast, when the late spring and winter is seriously endangered, it is necessary to prepare remediation materials such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides.
During the disaster, the seedlings in the nursery and nursery sheds are laid with electric heating lines, and the power is turned on for warming and raising the seedlings. At the same time, greenhouses and small arch shelters are used to cover the heat and other measures; if the rainfall is large and the duration is long, the field water must be eliminated in time. To avoid waterlogging.
After the disaster, the first remedy is to step up clean up the ditch, eliminate water in the field, and lower the water table. Second, grab the “cold tail warmer†after the end of the spring and then grab the seedlings or transplant them in the field. Third, it is timely for the severely affected fields. Replanting or replanting other crops, especially in the nursery sheds, if they are rotten or badly rot, they must pay attention to replanting or replanting; Fourth, topdressing a thin fertilizer in time or spraying foliar fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate to promote Plants resumed growth as soon as possible. Sixth, the gardens were cleaned in a timely manner to strengthen disease prevention and control to prevent the disease from becoming worse and spread. Seventh, the day-to-day management was strengthened to promote the robust growth of plants.
wheat
The beginning sowing date of winter wheat in some regions last year was 3-5 days ahead of schedule. After sowing, the temperature was high and the light and heat were sufficient, resulting in a large proportion of vigorous seedlings. More than 10 million mu of wheat in the country are prosperous in different degrees, accounting for 3.5% of the area of ​​wheat, which is a year with a high proportion of prosperous growth in the past five years. According to the forecast of the China Meteorological Administration, the temperature in spring this year is warmer, and the overall temperature in winter wheat is slightly higher. However, in March the eastern part of the northwest region may be cold and cold in the west of Huanghuai and Jianghan.
After the impact of the disaster, the temperature rises and the water requirement of wheat increases. If the precipitation is kept low, it will adversely affect the growth of wheat. In particular, droughts in the middle and later stages of jointing will cause a decrease in the number of grains and a decrease in grain weight, which will cause serious damage to the yield. influences. In addition, if the spring temperature warms up quickly, it is prone to obvious ups and downs, and the risk of cold spells is greater. Combined with high temperatures, some prosperous long wheat may be jointed in advance and the anti-freezing ability will be reduced. Once the cold weather occurs, it will cause serious losses.
Response measures Watering in time before the onset of the cold spell, delaying the rate of decline of the field temperature; checking the wheat field promptly after the cold has passed, and discovering that when the wheat heart leaf is flooded or the young panicles are flooded, timely watering is required, and the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the same time. , To promote the recovery of frozen wheat seedlings and reduce the loss of frost damage. In addition, control agents or fertilizers containing phosphorus, potassium, or sulfur may also be sprayed on the leaves in spring to increase the ability of wheat to resist drought or freezing damage.
Fruit trees
During the period of budding and flowering of fruit trees, fruit growers should pay close attention to weather changes. If the temperature may drop drastically, in order to prevent the endangering of the cold orchard, the following prevention work should be done:
Whitening method This method is commonly used. Applying white to the trunk in early spring can effectively reduce the absorption of solar energy by the tree, delay the temperature rise of the tree, and delay the sprouting of the bud.
Irrigation with irrigation of orchards can significantly reduce the temperature of the ground and delay the sprouting and flowering of fruit trees.
Spraying the tree branches with 0.25%-0.5% sodium naphthaleneacetate solution before germination of the fruit trees can inhibit flower buds and improve the cold resistance of fruit trees. Before the advent of late spring and late frost, 0.3%-0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the flowering fruit trees to enhance the cold resistance of the flower. Can also be combined with pest control, timely spraying low concentrations of salt water to the tree canopy, this can not only prevent pests and diseases, but also can effectively reduce the freezing damage of flower buds.
The windproof method establishes a windbreak at the outlet of the orchard, which can prevent or reduce the occurrence of cold damage to fruit trees.
The cover method covers the fruit trees with plastic film, grasshoppers, mats, etc., preserves the disseminated geothermal heat, and blocks the invasion of cold outside, so as to reduce the effects of freezing. This method is suitable for young orchards or low-dry dwarf orchards.
Smoke smoke orchard smoke can reduce the radiation of soil heat, resist cold air intrusion, increase the temperature within the orchard and improve the orchard microclimate. Combustible crop stalks, hay, defoliants, rice bran, etc. are piled together and piled in 3-5 heaps per acre orchard. When nighttime temperatures drop to 0°C, they can ignite.
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