Kidney bean high-yield cultivation management technology
Kidney beans are resistant to high temperatures and are resistant to drought. The dishes used for cowpea selection of high quality long vine varieties, long vinegar bean tender, meat hypertrophy, long growth period, high yield. The common varieties in the market include Youyou No.1, Youyou No.2, Youyou No.3, and Youbai No.4.
First, sowing nursery cowpea root regeneration is weak, and more than the use of live broadcast cultivation. The seedlings were sown in open field in late March and live in mid-April. Use 2.5 kg per acre. When the temperature rises above 20°C sowing, to increase the germination rate. During live broadcasting, the planting distance is usually 25-30 centimeters (65 centimeters), sowing depth is about 2 centimeters, 3000-4000 holes per mu, and 3-4 seeds per hole. After the emergence, weak, small and diseased seedlings are left. 2-3 strains. After sowing in early spring, it should be covered with plastic film and a small shed. Generally, it can emerge in 4 days. Before the emergence of the temperature should be maintained at 30-35 °C, water should not be too much to prevent seed rot. Immediately after emergence, the mulch film was removed and the proper temperature was controlled at 25-30°C to keep the soil moist. For 4-5 days prior to colonization, the seedlings are planted to enhance stress tolerance. The seedbed should prevent the soil from drying out and should not be overly watered. It should also prevent the seedbed from accumulating water. Kidney beans are not strict on the soil, but in order to obtain high yields, sandy soils that are slightly acidic and do not grow legumes should be selected within two years. If soil acidity is too high, lime is evenly spread on the surface of the soil after construction to neutralize acidity. . Plow the soil about 25 centimeters and build a trench to open the deep trenches to facilitate the reduction of stains.
Second, the field management The principle of cowpea fertilizer and water management is to prevent the stem and leaf from being prolonged in the early stage and prevent premature aging in the later period. Generally, 2000 kg per hectare of composted organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 2 times of seed dressing is applied, 2.5 kg of urea is applied per acre, 3 times of dressing is applied during flowering and pod dressing, 25% of NPK total amount per acre is applied. Compound fertilizer 10-12 kg. Seedlings should be properly controlled water, prevent stems and leaves to grow and reduce inflorescences, flowering and waterlogging period need more water, should be poured about 7 days 1 water, harvesting period combined with water chase fertilizer materials. The cowpea that grows more and more during the summer has a long period of flowering and engrossing, and more attention should be paid to the post-fertilizer to prevent premature degeneration of the plants. Rainfall should be ruled out during the whole growing season so as to avoid rot, leaves and flowers. Kidney bean shoots grow quickly, with 5-6 leaves should be taken when the bracket, generally with a herringbone to reduce shading and facilitate harvesting. The winding power of the cowpea stalks is not strong, and the vines should be manually supported to prevent the breakage. Reasonable pruning is the main measure for high yield of cowpea. The lateral branches below the first inflorescence are removed as long as 3 cm to ensure that the main stem is thick. The side branch of the first inflorescence left l-2 leaves topping.
III. Disease Prevention
1. The bean rust disease is mainly caused by invading leaves, and it is also harmful to petiole and soybean meal. The chlorotic yellowish white spots appeared below the leaves at the early stage of disease, and the spots gradually increased until the entire leaf was covered. On the corresponding back surface of the lesion, yellow-brown slightly protruding spots were generated. After the epidermis ruptured, red-brown powder was scattered. Leaves yellow and fall off, the plants are short, the pods are small and small, the growth period is shortened, and finally it is dead and dead. The whole growing period of beans can be infected with pathogenic bacteria. The resistance from the initial flowering stage to the result stage is weakened, and the susceptibility is enhanced. In the early stage of onset, it can be used to prevent and cure pesticides in time. The agent can use 50% sulfur suspension 150 times, or 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times, or 20 times. % Rust rust 800-1000 times, spray once every 8-10 days, even spray 2-3 times.
2. The disease of bean pods is mainly harmful to stems, leaves and pods, and occurs in the vicinity of stem nodes or sections, especially near the ground. The diseased part was initially water-stained, and the trunk was wet and rotted around. The upper part of the diseased part was dead. When the humidity is high, the cortex rots and the surface produces white mold. At the beginning of the disease, the leaves became dark green water spotted spots, and then expanded into round brown spots with white mold on the surface. The pods were also infected with white mold and rot. Prevent and treat the disease. Pay attention to the timely drainage after the rain. Chemical protection can be sprayed and protected in the early stage of the disease, and 58% of Ledomil Manganese Zinc Soluble Powder 500-800 times, or 64% Antimony Wettable Powder 500 times, or 72.2% Preclosure 800X Liquid can be used. It can be sprayed every 7-10 days for 2-3 consecutive times.
3, Fusarium wilt disease plants from the beginning of the first leaf, the edge of the leaves, especially the tip of the blade appears irregular water-stained lesions, the latter leaves yellow and dead, and gradually the development of the upper leaves, and finally the whole plant wilting to death. Chemical control, in the early stage of disease, 50% carbendazim WP may be used 1000 times, or 10% double-effect lingzhi 400times, or 75% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times, 50-50 per plant 150 grams, once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in succession; 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 grams can also be mixed with 200 kg of dry soil, applied to the sowing line, and applied 200 kg per acre.
Root rot of bean root rot can cause dead beans and dead beans. Generally, the early symptoms are not obvious until the plants are dwarfed at the time of flowering and scabbing. The lower leaves of the diseased plants begin to turn yellow from the leaf margins and slowly wither, generally not falling off, and the diseased plants are easy to pull out. The underside of the stem and the main root become reddish-brown, the diseased part is slightly sunken, some cracks deep into the cortex, and the lateral roots come off and rot, and even the main roots are completely rotted. Pathogens are more resistant to saprophytic infection and can survive for many years in soil and manure. They are mainly transmitted through rainwater, irrigation water, tools, and fertilisers. Generally, the incidence is more serious in the soils with heavy viscous, over-wet, acid-sorption, lack of fertility, and extensive management. When sowing, use either ayurvedox, thiophanate-methyl, or 50% carbendazim WP to make a 1:50 drug earth hole or furrow. In the early stage of disease, Prokaryla, Ayurveda 1200x, or root rotundin 800-1000x, or Bitterweed 500x, or Dikeshone 1000x Irrigation can be used, every 10 days or so. 2-3 times.
4. Reasonably harvested cowpeas are racemes. Each inflorescence has 2-5 pairs of flowers, usually only one pair of pods, with sufficient fertilizer and water, well-managed, and when all the flowers grow well, all the flowers can be scarred. After the first soybean pods were harvested, the second pair of flower buds was set up for fruit development. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully harvest and not to injure or knock off the flower buds on the inflorescence to increase the number of pods and increase yield. After 10-12 days of flowering, the pods are full and the kernels can be harvested without significant time. After harvesting, tie it up according to certain specifications.
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