It is the key to the stable production and income increase and scientific seedling raising

After the Spring Festival, it is the time of the spring seedlings. As the saying goes, Miao will receive seven points. Robust seedless seedlings are essential for the steady and high yield of vegetables.

Selection of resistant (resistant) varieties

Under the same cultivation and management conditions, anti-(resistant) disease varieties will not have more disease or lighter disease than other varieties. The use of resistant (resistant) varieties can effectively reduce or avoid the risk of virus diseases, root-knot nematode diseases and other dangerous diseases.

The selection of disease-resistant varieties needs to focus on the occurrence of major diseases of vegetables in protected areas in the past few years. For example, in the case of spring pods, the genus with root-knot nematode history should be given priority in selecting cultivars with outstanding resistance to root-knot nematode disease, and the combination of tolerance to tomato mosaic virus disease and leaf mold disease should be better. Xianke 6 and Xianke 8, etc.; in the severe area of ​​Bemisia tabaci in spring, priority should be given to Zhefen 702, Jinteng 10 and Maria. Cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkins, melons, watermelons, melons and other melons were planted in mid-February and planted in late March. Use 32-hole or 50-hole trays or 88-cm-size seedlings for nutrition, using peat and vermiculite as the substrate. Cucumber should use good varieties such as “Zhongnong 12” and “Northern Agriculture and Good Show” with early maturity, good quality, and strong disease resistance.

Fresh spring celery and lettuce are sowed in early February. Lettuce is planted in late March and celery is planted in mid-April. 128-hole plastic trays can also be used for seedling nursery. Celery can be used early maturing, good quality "Wentura" and other varieties.

Seed disinfection

Most bacterial diseases on vegetables and a considerable part of viral and fungal diseases can be transmitted through seeds. Seed disinfection treatment is an effective means to avoid or reduce such diseases. There are many ways to disinfect seeds. The methods commonly used in production include soaking in warm soup, soaking in pesticides, and seed dressing in pesticides.

When soaking seed, pay attention to the temperature and time of soaking water. The water temperature and soaking time required for each crop seed and control object are relatively fixed. Such as the prevention of cabbage black rot is 50 °C warm water immersion 20 minutes; control tomato leaf mold is 52 °C warm water immersion for 30 minutes; control cucumber mosaic virus is 55 °C warm water immersion 40 minutes. In addition, warm soup is generally cooled and dried as soon as possible after soaking. After soaking in some vegetable soups, the seed germination rate is reduced, for example, celery, leeks, etc. Therefore, the germination test should be conducted after soaking the broth in the broth, and the seeding amount can be determined based on the actual germination rate.

The soaking of pesticide shall determine the type, concentration and time of the pesticide according to the crop seed and the control object. For example, pepper scab can be soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes; cucumber blight can be soaked in 40% formalin 100 times for 30 minutes; and tomato virus disease can be soaked in 10% trisodium phosphate solution 20~30. Minute or 0.1% potassium permanganate solution soak for 10 to 15 minutes.

The seed dressing of pesticides shall be based on the seeds of the crop and the control objects to determine the type and dosage of the pesticide. For example, the control of cucumber bacterial keratoderma can be used seed quality 0.3% of the 47% Chunlei Wang copper wettable powder seed dressing; prevention and control of downy mildew can be used 0.4% seed quality of 50% thiram WP wet dressing.

Nursery soil treatment

Disinfection of nursery soil is an effective measure to prevent damping-off, damping-off, stem rot and brown rot. Where conditions permit, commercial substrates can be purchased; when arranging nutritive soils, use as much as possible of arable soil or uncultivated vegetable fields, and farm manure with nutrient soil should be cooked without contamination of vegetable residues. Commercialized substrates can use ozone fumigation, high-temperature dwelling, and adding bacterial fertilizers to inhibit or kill pests. When nursed with nutritious soil or nursery seedlings, the nursery soil can be harmlessly treated with pesticide, spray or root; the timing of treatment is appropriate before and after sowing.

The optional agents are 72.2% propamocarb hydrochloride 3.6-5.4 g/m2, 30% methylpyromycin 0.3-0.6 g/m2, and 3.3% methrosophilic WP 0.8-1.2 g/mole. Square meters, 30% more blessing WP 3 ~ 4.5 g / square meter and so on.

Grafting and disease prevention

In the production of vegetables, soil-transmitted diseases such as blight, root-knot nematode disease, and verticillium wilt can be prevented through the grafting of disease-resistant rootstocks, while retaining the excellent characteristics of the scion crop. In addition to preventing disease, grafting can also increase crop yields. There are three key aspects of grafting.

First of all, we must choose the rootstock correctly. The rootstock varieties suitable for Solanaceae vegetables include Tolubam, crp, Totosgar, unbarred evergreen and Super Tolubam, among which Tolubam is resistant to root-knot nematodes, blight, verticillium wilt and Diseases such as bacterial wilt, suitable for crops such as tomatoes, bell peppers and eggplants. The varieties of rootstocks suitable for cucurbitaceous crops include white-skin squash, Japanese Jinxiutai, round cucurbit and double cuiscus, among which white-seed cucurbit is resistant to root rot, downy mildew, wilt disease, and epidemic diseases, and is suitable for crops such as cucumbers and watermelons; Round gourd and double-rooted gourd are resistant to root-knot nematode disease and suitable for cucumber rootstocks.

Second, choose the appropriate method. The main grafting methods for vegetables include plugging, splicing and splicing. Among them, the plugging and splicing methods are mainly applied to melon vegetables.

Again, pay attention to moisturizing and shading after grafting. Grafting seedbeds should maintain a relative humidity of 90% or more, and need to be covered with a small arch shed; at the same time, in order to prevent the temperature in the shed from being too high, it should be shaded for 3 to 7 days.

Net room nursery

In order to avoid the introduction of pests, nursery space should be isolated. There is no special nursery shed to build specialized seedling scaffolds in greenhouses, covering 30 to 40 mesh insect nets, nursery net room; nursery should also be in the air outlet Insect nets are installed at gates and other places. As young vegetable seedlings are sensitive to high temperature and strong light, shading nets and other facilities should be provided on nursery net rooms to prevent seedlings from being exposed to high temperature and strong light damage.

Small pests such as whiteflies and thrips are the main pests that harm vegetable seedlings. In the nursery net room, the armyworm swatches are set. On the one hand, they can monitor the occurrence of pests; on the other hand, they can also trap and kill some pests. When the swatches are placed, they can be hung, or they can be placed upright with the help of a stand. Generally, the lower edge of the swatches is placed at about 10 cm at the top of the seedlings.

Two to three yellow armyworm board can be placed in the small seedling shed; a large yellow seedling board is set every 6 to 8 meters for large seedling sheds, and a small amount of blue and black armyworm board can be added under certain conditions.

Whether it is a new nursery net room or an existing nursery shelter, after all nursery preparation preparations are completed, a shed interior surface disinfecting treatment should be performed immediately before sowing. Commonly used methods include spray application and aerosol application. Small seedling sheds are suitable for spray application, and large and medium seedling sheds are suitable for smog disinfection.

Seedlings before colonization

In the first 3 to 5 days before transplanting, the vegetable seedlings will be given a drug, which will eliminate or reduce the pests and diseases on the vegetable seedlings and the roots of the seedlings, so as to ensure that the seedlings are free of pests and colonization. According to the characteristics of pesticides, spray application may be adopted, and methods such as seedbed root filling or plug rooting may also be used. Spray application requires detailed and comprehensive. The fungicide can be used as a broad-spectrum agent such as 25% azoxystrobin suspension, 62.5 g/l fine metalaxyl nitrile suspension seed coating or 250 g/l pyrazolubicin EC; 25% thiophene can be used as pesticide. Tetrazine water dispersible granules, 300 g/l Chloranthizide suspension, 21% Thiamethoxam suspension or 200 g/l imidacloprid solution, etc. For organic production or green production, roots or seedbeds can be used for root rinsing with Pythium oligorum, Bacillus subtilis, and H. harzianum before transplanting.

Seedling management to prevent disease and promote growth

Cultivating strong seedlings lays the foundation for later high-yield production. Seedlings are small. For some common diseases, precautions must be taken in advance to ensure that the vegetables are disease-free at the seedling stage.

One is root disease prevention. The prevention of root diseases at seedling stage can consist of four types: rooting agents, microbial agents, insecticides, and agents for the prevention of root diseases. They should be combined with their respective greenhouses. Situation, reasonable collocation.

The second is the prevention of physiological diseases. After the emergence of the seedlings, the common physiological diseases include hypothermia, deficiency, and unbalanced growth, which require symptomatic medications, such as hypothermia, to ensure that the greenhouse insulation equipment is normal and that antifreeze can be sprayed before the onset of the cold current. Products that improve the stress resistance of vegetables; deficiency factors must be combined with the reasons for lack of elements and lack of elements to correctly supplement; growth imbalances can be adjusted with the use of foliar fertilizers that regulate growth, because vegetables grow slowly, so try not to use Pharmacy.

The third is the prevention of above-ground diseases. For fungal diseases, chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, dimethomorph, etc. are used. For the prevention of bacterial diseases, organic copper preparations can be used, such as Bacillus subtilis.

Of course, functional products, such as seaweed extract, humic acids, amino acids, and chitin, are often used during the seedling stage, which can play a very good role in balanced growth and play a significant role in cultivating strong seedlings.

Scientific response to the slow-onset seedlings

You can put small water in the ditch first. When the water is not completely infiltrated, put the young seedlings into the cultivation ditch according to the spacing of the plants. After waiting for the water to completely infiltrate, it is buried in the root base of the seedlings, and the cover soil is just like the original seedling soil. Cover, do not put too much soil to prevent slow seedlings.

If the planting is foggy or cloudy, planting seedlings can also be poured with burrowing water, or ditching and watering the seedlings into the trenches without sealing the trenches, drying the ground for 2 to 3 days until the ground temperature stabilizes at 15°C or above, and select sunny days at noon. When it is relatively high, the hole (cover ditch) will be sealed. After 3 to 5 days, the young seedling will grow new leaves and then pour a small amount of water to meet the normal growth and development of the crop. Before the watering, the new high fat film + tree maintenance general will be sprayed, which will reduce The occurrence of epidemic diseases effectively reduces the evaporation of soil moisture and water evaporation from the seedlings, isolates pests and diseases, and shortens the period of seedlings.

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