Prevention and control technology of main pests and diseases of peanut
1. Peanut disease
1.1 Bacterial wilt
Also known as "green disease", "dead seedling", "peanut meal", etc., is a soil-borne bacterial disease. The vascular bundles that harm peanuts can quickly kill a large number of plants in a short period of time. Peanut bacterial wilt can occur from the seedling stage to the whole growth period of harvesting. Generally, it begins to occur before and after flowering, and the flowering period is the peak period. The pathogen mainly infects the roots, causing the root end to change color and soft rot, and the vascular bundle tissue becomes dark brown and extends from the bottom to the top of the plant. After the diseased part was cross-cut, it was squeezed by hand, and the turbid milky white bacterial liquid was seen to flow out. The susceptible plants showed loss of water from top to bottom, and the leaves were dim, but still green. It takes 7 to 15 days for the plant to grow from illness to death.
1.1.1 Agricultural control
Use resistant varieties. Rotation can effectively control the occurrence of bacterial wilt, and it is more suitable for corn, millet or water-and-dry rotation. The rotation period is 3 to 5 years.
1.1.2 Chemical control
It can be made into toxic soil cover with 25% enemy dry double, or rooted with 1000 times liquid; or soaked or rooted with streptomycin 200×10E-6～400×10E-6.
1.2 stem rot
The disease is a fulminant disease, and the peanut seedling pathogen first infects the cotyledon to rot, and then infects the base of the stem. Water-stained yellow-brown spots are formed at the base of the stem, and then dark brown. When severe, the plants are wilting and dead; when the adult stage occurs, water-stained yellow-brown spots are formed at the base of the main stem and the lateral branches, and the base of the stem is blackened after the development of the lesions. Withered.
1.2.1 Agricultural control
Reasonable rotations to avoid continuous cropping. Stem rot is mainly caused by seed-borne bacteria. Seeds should be fully sun-planted and seeded before storage, and seeds with mildew and poor quality should not be used.
1.2.2 Chemical control
Seed dressing with 0.3% carbendazim WP at 0.3% of the seed amount, or spray at the seedling stage, spray with 40% carbendazim suspension 1000 times after spraying, and spray once before flowering. The liquid medicine is sprayed from 1125 to 1500 kg/ha, or the stem is sprayed with 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times.
1.3 root rot
The disease can occur throughout the growth period of the peanut. The susceptible plants are short, the leaves turn yellow from bottom to top, dry and fall off, and the main roots become black and rot until the whole plant dies. The disease is mainly transmitted by rain and in the field. Water in the field during seedling period, low ground temperature or too early or too deep sowing.
1.3.1 Agricultural control
Reasonable rotation, strict selection and drying. Soil improvement, soil application of decomposed organic fertilizer, flood control and drainage, and strengthening of field management.
1.3.2 Chemical control
The seeds were seeded with 0.3% carbendazim wettable powder at 0.3% of the seed amount. In the early stage of the disease, it was sprayed with 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution.
1.4 black mold
The disease mainly occurs in the early stage of peanut growth. The pathogen first infects the cotyledons to make it black and rot, and then infects the roots of the seedlings. When wet, the disease ministers leave a lot of mildew covering the base of the stem, and the stems and leaves lose water and die.
1.4.1 Agricultural control
Reasonable rotation, use resistant varieties.
1.4.2 Chemical control
In the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution or 70% methyl thiophanate 1000-1500 times liquid leaf spray, spray once every 7 to 10 days, a total of 2 to 3 times, can be combined with foliar fertilizer .
2, peanut pests
2.1 Locust
Peanut flowering in the lower needle period is an important period of aphid damage. In this period, the aphids mainly damage the flower tube and the fruit needle, making the peanut plant short and the leaves curling, which seriously affects the flowering needle and the result. Due to the large amount of "nectar" discharged from the locusts, the mold is parasitic, causing the stems and leaves of the plants to become black and even wither and die. In addition to the above, peanut aphids are also the main medium for transmitting viral diseases. The medicament can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 50% smog-resistant wettable powder 150 g/ha with water 600-750 kg/ha.
2.2 underground pests
Peanut underground pests mainly include tigers and cockroaches. They are not only dangerous but also serious. Often caused by lack of seedlings and ridges, leading to reduced production, is currently the main pest affecting peanut yield. Underground pests often inhabit underground activities, directly affecting the roots and fruits of peanuts, which are concealed and difficult to control. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and control methods must be adopted.
2.2.1 Reasonable rotation
Peanuts are good for the grass, such as corn and millet, to avoid heavy cropping and smashing.
2.2.2 deep fall in autumn
Deep fall in the fall can turn the pests to the ground, let them die or be eaten by birds, reducing the source of insects.
2.2.3 Seed coating
It is coated with seeds before sowing, and this method can also effectively prevent rodents.
2.2.4 Soil treatment
When planting the soil before sowing, use 3% phorate granules 22.5～30.0kg/ha evenly spread on the field, shallowly turn into the soil or sprinkle the granules in the seeding ditch, then plant; or mix the pesticides. It is used as a base fertilizer in organic fertilizer.
2.2.5 irrigation root
In the late June, the phoxim granules were 35-45kg/ha in the hatchery period and the younger period, and the fine soil was added to the roots of the peanuts at 250 and 300kg/ha. It can also be rooted with 50% phoxim granules or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution.
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