Cow cattle breeding technology
1. Scientific management of yaks. Calves are fed half-hour to 1 hour after birth and are fed primary calves for more than 3 kilograms for the first time, and are fed 2nd time at about 6 hours after birth to allow calves to obtain sufficient antibodies within 12 hours of birth. After 3 days of feeding, the primary milk was gradually fed to regular milk. One week after the yak was born, he began to train the mixed concentrate, and he was trained to eat hay for about 10 days. The average calf was 6 weeks old and 8 weeks old. Weaning of yak (700g-800g) is equivalent to 1% of its body weight. Weaning should be delayed for the smaller or weaker yak. Yaks continue to feed pre-weaned yak after weaning and the quality remains unchanged. When calves (3 months to 4 months of age) can feed about 1.5 kilograms of calf feed per day, they can be raised to bovine feed instead.
2. Breeding cattle breeding management. During this period, the rumen function of the bred cattle has been very perfect, rapid growth and development, and strong resistance to disease, which is a critical period for the development of dairy cows' body development and breeding ability. In terms of nutritional composition, roughage is best done with high-quality buckwheat and alfalfa. Weaning to 6-month-old diets is generally based on 1.8kg-2.2kg of good quality hay and 1.4kg-1.8kg of mixed concentrate, and the daily weight gain at this stage is required. Up to 760 grams. The rumen function of 7- to 14-month-old bred cattle is quite complete, allowing the bred cattle to freely eat high-quality roughage such as pasture, hay, silage, etc. However, since corn silage contains higher energy, it must be fed in limited quantities to prevent overage. Eating leads to obesity. Concentrates are generally supplemented as appropriate according to the quality of the coarse material. If it is a high-quality coarse material, the feed amount of the fine material only needs 0.5 kg - 1.5 kg. If the quality of the coarse material is normal, the feed amount of the concentrate should be 1.5 kg -2.5 Kilograms, and determine the protein and energy content of the concentrate according to the quality of the coarse material, so that the average daily gain of the bred cattle is 700-800 g.
3. Young cattle breeding and feeding management.
14 months of age - 16 months of age of 360 kg -380 kg for breeding. Breeding cows are generally reared after pre-breeding. When the grazing cow is pregnant until 3 months before delivery, an additional 0.5 kg to 1.0 kg of concentrate is required due to the rapid development of the embryo and the growth of the bred cattle themselves. If nutrition is insufficient at this stage, it will affect the physique of the bred cattle and the development of the embryo. However, if the nutrition is too rich, it will lead to over-fertilization, causing dystocia and postpartum syndrome.
4. Feeding management before delivery. Due to the rapid development of the embryo, this stage must maintain adequate nutrition, concentrate feed 3.0 kg -4.0 kg per day, and gradually increase the feed amount to meet the postpartum high-concentrate diet, but salt and minerals The amount of feed should be controlled to prevent breast edema. At the same time, corn silage and earthworms are also limited to feeding.
5. Analysis of technological advantages and benefits.
(1) Advantages. 1 Feed intake. Early training calves feed on plant feeds to promote the development of tumor reticulum. 2 Configure the diet. According to the growth and development characteristics of the various stages of reserve cattle and nutritional requirements, diets were formulated to meet the nutritional and physiological needs of the back-up cattle at different stages. 3 stages weighing. To ensure that all stages of the reserve cattle achieve ideal weight. 4 body condition assessment. The status assessment of reserve cattle in stages is conducted to prevent excess fat deposition in the reserve beef and affect breast development and delivery. 5 focus on body height development. At present, foreign studies believe that the body height of Holstein cows is more than the weight of the initial milk production. Hoffman (1997) believes that the best body height for Holstein heifers is 138 cm - 141 cm. 6 pay attention to the reserve cattle during pregnancy management. The weight of young cows at the time of first birth is positively correlated with milk production during the first lactation. Everett (1986) believes that the optimal weight of first birth calf for Holstein's reserve cows is 590-635 kg, and Hoffman et al. 1992) Research shows that the best weight of a first-time calving cow with a milk yield of more than 10 tons is 616 kg. The weight of a 24-month-old first-born cow is increased from 515 kg to 616 kg, and the milk yield is increased from 7311 kg to 10024. kilogram.
(2) Benefit analysis. The cultivation of reserve cows accounts for second only to feed in the total cost of fresh milk production. According to reports from the United States, the cost of a calf from birth to 24 months of age is between $1,100 and $1,300, which accounts for about 15% to 20% of the total cost of fresh milk. If the initial calving age exceeds 24 months, the cost of production will increase by $55 to $65 per month.
2. Breeding cattle breeding management. During this period, the rumen function of the bred cattle has been very perfect, rapid growth and development, and strong resistance to disease, which is a critical period for the development of dairy cows' body development and breeding ability. In terms of nutritional composition, roughage is best done with high-quality buckwheat and alfalfa. Weaning to 6-month-old diets is generally based on 1.8kg-2.2kg of good quality hay and 1.4kg-1.8kg of mixed concentrate, and the daily weight gain at this stage is required. Up to 760 grams. The rumen function of 7- to 14-month-old bred cattle is quite complete, allowing the bred cattle to freely eat high-quality roughage such as pasture, hay, silage, etc. However, since corn silage contains higher energy, it must be fed in limited quantities to prevent overage. Eating leads to obesity. Concentrates are generally supplemented as appropriate according to the quality of the coarse material. If it is a high-quality coarse material, the feed amount of the fine material only needs 0.5 kg - 1.5 kg. If the quality of the coarse material is normal, the feed amount of the concentrate should be 1.5 kg -2.5 Kilograms, and determine the protein and energy content of the concentrate according to the quality of the coarse material, so that the average daily gain of the bred cattle is 700-800 g.
3. Young cattle breeding and feeding management.
14 months of age - 16 months of age of 360 kg -380 kg for breeding. Breeding cows are generally reared after pre-breeding. When the grazing cow is pregnant until 3 months before delivery, an additional 0.5 kg to 1.0 kg of concentrate is required due to the rapid development of the embryo and the growth of the bred cattle themselves. If nutrition is insufficient at this stage, it will affect the physique of the bred cattle and the development of the embryo. However, if the nutrition is too rich, it will lead to over-fertilization, causing dystocia and postpartum syndrome.
4. Feeding management before delivery. Due to the rapid development of the embryo, this stage must maintain adequate nutrition, concentrate feed 3.0 kg -4.0 kg per day, and gradually increase the feed amount to meet the postpartum high-concentrate diet, but salt and minerals The amount of feed should be controlled to prevent breast edema. At the same time, corn silage and earthworms are also limited to feeding.
5. Analysis of technological advantages and benefits.
(1) Advantages. 1 Feed intake. Early training calves feed on plant feeds to promote the development of tumor reticulum. 2 Configure the diet. According to the growth and development characteristics of the various stages of reserve cattle and nutritional requirements, diets were formulated to meet the nutritional and physiological needs of the back-up cattle at different stages. 3 stages weighing. To ensure that all stages of the reserve cattle achieve ideal weight. 4 body condition assessment. The status assessment of reserve cattle in stages is conducted to prevent excess fat deposition in the reserve beef and affect breast development and delivery. 5 focus on body height development. At present, foreign studies believe that the body height of Holstein cows is more than the weight of the initial milk production. Hoffman (1997) believes that the best body height for Holstein heifers is 138 cm - 141 cm. 6 pay attention to the reserve cattle during pregnancy management. The weight of young cows at the time of first birth is positively correlated with milk production during the first lactation. Everett (1986) believes that the optimal weight of first birth calf for Holstein's reserve cows is 590-635 kg, and Hoffman et al. 1992) Research shows that the best weight of a first-time calving cow with a milk yield of more than 10 tons is 616 kg. The weight of a 24-month-old first-born cow is increased from 515 kg to 616 kg, and the milk yield is increased from 7311 kg to 10024. kilogram.
(2) Benefit analysis. The cultivation of reserve cows accounts for second only to feed in the total cost of fresh milk production. According to reports from the United States, the cost of a calf from birth to 24 months of age is between $1,100 and $1,300, which accounts for about 15% to 20% of the total cost of fresh milk. If the initial calving age exceeds 24 months, the cost of production will increase by $55 to $65 per month.
Forest Fire Suit,Fire Entry Suit,Wildland Firefighter Gear,Heat Resistant Suit,bee-proof clothing
joho(HK) Technology Co. , Ltd. , https://www.joho-safety.com