The relationship between small cell lung cancer and two gene mutations remains to be studied

Release date: 2015-07-22

Researchers at the University of Cologne and the University of Cologne in Germany successfully deciphered the genes that cause lung cancer after a comparative study of two lung cancers. The results were published in the recently published journal Nature.

The researchers compared two types of lung cancer, one called small cell lung cancer, which is the most dangerous of all lung cancers, accounting for about 15% of all confirmed lung cancer cases, and the most common among perennial smokers. The changed tumor cells grow very fast, early chemotherapy is very effective, but most patients can not be cured, will die soon; the other is the so-called lung carcinoid, which is a low-grade malignant tumor of neuroendocrine cells, accounting for 1% to 2% of all lung tumors, which grow slowly and hardly form metastases.

The team led by Professor Roman Thomas of the University of Cologne first studied the genome-wide DNA sequence of 110 small cell lung cancer cases. Through complete genome analysis, the researchers discovered key biological processes and identified a common pattern of their genetic changes. In all cases, they found the gene inactivation of RB1 and TP53, a "loss of function" gene mutation, which is responsible for controlling cell growth, and its biological function is not yet fully understood.

Genomic analysis shows that lung carcinoids have many differences with small cell lung cancer regardless of their tissue structure or biological behavior. Control of RB1 and TP53 gene mutations in lung carcinoids is very rare. The results of the comparative study clearly show that lung carcinoids differ from other neuroendocrine tumors (such as small cell lung cancer) in that they have independent cell growth mechanisms. Dr. Martin Pef, one of the authors of the paper, said: "Our next study will focus on the different types of lung cancer formation and evolution."

Professor Thomas, the project leader, believes that “this research has just begun and still needs to do a lot of basic work until we really understand the function of these genes in the tumor. The next step is to understand the biological role of the genetic model so that it is so fresh The understanding of the functions of well-known genes in the development of cancer, and ultimately the realization of rapid personalized treatment, is our goal."

Source: China Science and Technology Network - Technology Daily

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