Application of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in scientific research

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) bs-2194P is a special protein that fluoresces under the excitation of blue wavelength light. It is this magical property that makes it one of the most powerful tools in the field of biochemistry. It is called "Biological Beidou".

GFP has an amazing use in scientific research because it allows us to directly see the movement and distribution inside the cell. At any given time we can easily find out the location and presence of GFP: you only need to use ultraviolet light to illuminate, and all GFP will glow bright green. The microscopic world under the microscope is very different from the macroscopic world we see, and the role of GFP is to bridge the gap between micro and macro, allowing scientists to speculate on the activity of matter at the molecular level by observing the luminescence effect. Let biochemists get satisfactory results from the microscope at the level of studying cells, proteins, and genes. Green fluorescent protein is commonly used as a reporter gene in the fields of cell biology and molecular biology. Some modified versions can be used as biological probes. Since GFP fluorescence has the autonomic function of biological cells, its fluorescence does not require any exogenous reaction substrate. Therefore, GFP is a widely used living reporter protein. The protein reported by any other enzyme is unmatched.

Simply do an experiment: connect GFP to any object you are interested in viewing. For example, you can connect it to a virus. Then, as the virus spreads throughout the host, you can observe the spread of the virus by tracking the green fluorescence emitted; or you can attach it to a protein and observe its movement or migration inside the cell through a microscope. .

Application of GFP in the study of tumor pathogenesis

GFP is a small molecular weight protein that readily forms fusion proteins with other genes of interest and does not affect the spatial conformation and function of its own target gene product. GFP is fused with the gene of interest, and the target gene is labeled as green. If the fluorescent protein is implanted into the DNA molecule structure of a certain cell of the animal, the expression level of the target gene can be quantitatively analyzed, indicating its expression position in the tumor cell and The change of quantity provides a convenient condition for exploring the role of the gene in tumorigenesis and development and its molecular mechanism. Proliferation and apoptosis are a contradictory unity in the formation of tumors. If tumor cell apoptosis predominates, the tumor tissue will remain dormant for a long time or die on its own. Apoptosis of tumor cells is regulated by apoptosis-related genes. Transfection of tumor cell apoptosis-related genes with GFP and comparison with normal tissues can be roughly judged as a gene that inhibits apoptosis of tumor cells; conversely, a gene that promotes apoptosis of tumor cells. Tumor cell infiltration is a manifestation of a series of processes such as tumor cell adhesion, enzymatic degradation, migration and proliferation in the matrix. The root cause is the abnormal expression of certain genes in tumor cells. Using the tracer properties of GFP to study the relationship between abnormal expression of certain genes in tumor cells and tumor cell infiltration, some mechanisms of tumor cell infiltration can be revealed.

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