Northern Shelter Vegetable Melon Cultivation Technology

1. Prepare the ridges for deep tumbling and squeezing at the site. Make a width of 90 cm and a height of 10 to 15 cm. The spacing is about 40 cm.

2, fertilization combined with soil preparation, 667 square meters of organic fertilizer applied 3000 to 5000 kg. Combined with the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus potassium fertilizer, can increase the yield of melon, sugar content increased by 1.0% to 1.7%, reducing the incidence of field blight. Because melon is sensitive to chlorine, potassium chloride fertilizer should not be applied during fertilization. Calcitonin plays an important role in the synthesis of muskmelon. Calcium-deficient muskmelon is not only unsweetened, but also easily forms rotten scoop and loses food value. Therefore, superphosphate is applied at 50-70kg per 667m2, preferably with organic fertilizer. Fully mixed application after fermentation, the effect is better.

3, sowing nursery selection of high yield, early maturity, high sweetness, low temperature, low light, strong disease resistance variety greenhouse cultivation, the current application of the main varieties of sweet melon Yong Tian No. 7, Shun 2118 and so on. Seeds are soaked in warm water of about 55°C for 10 to 15 minutes prior to sowing to disinfect the seeds. The temperature of the water should not be too high, so as not to crush the seed hulls and affect the germination rate. The seeds were soaked in fresh water for 24 hours and then germinated at a temperature of 28 to 30°C. Seedlings can be planted after the seed is exposed. Put a small hole in the middle of the nutrient pods during sowing, put the seeds of dew white flat, the hypocotyl down, and then cover the soil. Sowing period is generally from late October to mid-November, and the seedling age is about 30 days. Muskmelon roots are weak in regeneration, and it is important to cultivate strong seedlings. The standard of strong melon seedlings is short and short hypocotyls, short internodes, leaf stretching, green leaves, good root development, and white and tender roots with strong adaptability.

4. Seedling management Seedling management is the key to nurturing strong seedlings. Due to the low temperature and weak illumination during this period, attention should be paid to increasing temperature and keeping warm, keeping the daytime temperature at 28-30°C, nighttime at 18-20°C, and not less than 15°C to promote growth; Keep the soil moist. The low light at this time is an important factor that causes leggy seedlings and tall seedlings. Therefore, in the event of continuous cloudy days during the seedling raising period, appropriate lighting must be added. Seedling growth period, the use of decomposed human feces and urine poured 1 to 2 times, combined with watering with 70% pentachloronitrobenzene 500 times or hymexazol 3000 ~ 4000 times Irrigation, rooting can prevent seedling blight And we fall.

5. Cultivation Management When the greenhouse temperature is stable above 12°C, and the soil temperature is stable above 15°C, it can be planted. Hang vines 2800 strains per 667 square meters, otherwise it is controlled in about 2200 strains. Whole vines can take double or triple vine pruning. When the main vine grows to 5 to 6 true leaves, the main vine will be picked up. After the picking, the vines of the 3rd to 5th leaves close to the cotyledons will be left behind to tie the vines and hang the vines in time. If 3 vines are left behind, one vine will serve as a supplement. The cultivars climbed to the ground and the remaining two vines were hoisted as a result. Each vine started to flower at the 14th to 18th points, with 2 to 3 points. The pruning should be carried out between 10:00 and 16:00 on a sunny day. The male flowers and rolls must be removed at any time. The cloudy plants must have dew or water before and after a day or two. Do not prune or whisk. Pollination can be artificial pollination or hormone treatment. Every day from 9:00 am to 11:00 am, remove the petals of the male flower that was open on the day and gently apply the pollen of the male flower to the female styra. After pollination, hang cards and note pollination time for harvesting. Hormone spray can also be used, the specific approach is: the opening day of female flowers with high yield agent No. 2 spray core, the concentration of high yield agent No. 2 8 ml of water 0.4 to 0.6 kg, when the greenhouse temperature is low Increase the concentration properly. It is better to keep 3 to 4 melons per plant and no more than 5 at most. Generally, 20 to 25 functional leaves should be retained per plant, and the prevention of pests and diseases should be strengthened so that the functional leaves can maintain a strong photosynthesis period of 25 to 35 days.

6, the temperature and humidity management melon growth requires strong light conditions, cultivation management should be as much as possible to enhance light, extend the light time. In the early growing period, the southern part of the South has more rainy weather in early spring and insufficient lighting conditions. It is necessary to keep the thin film clean and add light when necessary to avoid the deterioration of the quality of flower bud differentiation due to lack of light, resulting in the generation of malformed melons. Melon more resistant to high temperatures, the daytime temperature can be maintained at 25 ~ 30 °C, at night should not be less than 15 °C, sunny ventilation should be carried out to reduce the humidity within the greenhouse. Muskmelon requires lower air humidity. Cultivation of melons should use drip irrigation and under-membrane under-irrigation techniques. This can significantly reduce the humidity in the greenhouse and control the amount of water. Strengthen ventilation and increase the temperature difference between day and night, and promote the conversion and accumulation of sugar.

7. Fertilizer management ran from ranch to flowering period. During this period, the melon locust grows fast and absorbs nutrients quickly. As long as the fertilizer is sufficient, the plant can form a large nutritional area. It is the peak period for melon to absorb nitrogen fertilizer. , weak, should be timely application of nitrogen fertilizer 10 kg / 667 square meters, you can also spray some foliar fertilizer when the young melon grow to eggs, powdery mildew, disease and disease such as seedlings, should pay attention to prevention and treatment. Into the period of fruit enlargement, mainly to absorb potassium fertilizer, potassium sulfate should be applied top 10 kg / 667 square meters. Different melons have different requirements for water in different growth periods. Colonization water must be poured thoroughly to promote seedling growth. When the result is vine-bearing to 8 to 10 knots, the vines will be stretched in time, and the vines will generally not be watered until they reach the squash. If the soil is short of water, it may be filled with small water. When more than 85% of the plants in the greenhouse grow to the size of the eggs, the water begins to water; the fruit enters the swell stage, and the water is poured in 1 swish of water. The combined watering topdresses 10 kg of potassium sulfate per 667 square meters and 25 kg of diammonium phosphate. , pour water 1 week later, but the water is not easy to be too large, after the water depends on the soil dry and wet conditions, stop watering 10 days before harvest, to prevent cracking melon. During the growth period, two or three 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizers can be sprayed on the leaves to maintain good photosynthetic activity.

8. Diseases and Insect Pests The main insect pests of melon are Huangshougua, aphids, and leafminers, and the diseases mainly include blight and blight.

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