Research and Extension of Frozen Embryo Transplantation Technology of Saanen Dairy Goat
Abstract In December 2004, embryonic transplantation was performed using the imported Saanen dairy goat frozen embryos and Guanzhong dairy goat as the recipient. In the same period, 122 estrus sheep were accepted for treatment and 49 were transplanted. After 40 days, 31 were diagnosed by B-ultrasound and 29 were born. The results show that this frozen embryo transplantation has produced more obvious economic benefits, and the mature technology can be popularized and applied. Key words Saanen Dairy Goats Frozen Embryos Simultaneous Emotional Embryo Transplantation Saanen Dairy Goats are native to Switzerland and have a white body. They are one of the best dairy goats in the world. Adult ram weight 80 ~ 100kg, adult ewes 60 ~ 80kg, lactation period 280 ~ 300 days, milk production 800 ~ 1600kg, individual maximum milk production 3430kg, strong reproductive performance, strong genetic performance, lambing rate of 170 %～180%, with a life span of 8 to 10 years, was called "family cows" by a large number of farmers. China introduced Saengen dairy goats from the 1960s, and carried out pure-breeding cultivation and crossbreeding. It has achieved good results and has been approved by a large number of farmers. The market demand has increased. However, the introduction of living organisms with high costs and risks poses some restrictions on the promotion of Saanen dairy goats. In recent years, with the research and promotion of embryo transfer technology, this problem is expected to be solved. From November to December 2004, Yunnan Zhongke Embryo Engineering Biotechnology Co., Ltd. carried out the frozen embryo transplantation of Saanen dairy goats at its base and around Kunming. The effect was good and the economic benefits were considerable. It was worth promoting. 1 Materials and methods 1.1 Materials 1.1.1 Source and quality of embryos Embryos are frozen embryos imported from New Zealand. Before chilling, Grade A mulberry embryos and blastocysts developed to 7 days. The parents of embryo donors were high-yielding purebred Saanen dairy goats with clear pedigrees. 1.1.2 The timing and location of the estrus and transplantation schedule in the same period in late November and early December 2004. The experimental sites were in Yunnan Zhongke Embryo Engineering Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and the surrounding areas of Kunming. 1.1.3 Recipients The recipients selected were Guanzhong dairy goats purchased from Shaanxi Province. They had normal health and estrus cycle and were empty, aged from 2 to 5 years old. The sheep were post-natal for more than 3 months and were weaned. Worms are quarantined for the first 2 months of treatment and reared separately to strengthen management. 1.2 Method 1.2.1 The simultaneous estrus treatment of recipients was performed using the method of embedding vaginal suppositories CIDR (New Zealand) and Folligon (Australia). Folligon 200IU was injected 1 day before embolization, and estrus identification was performed 24 to 72 hours after withdrawal. 1.2.2 The thawing of embryos is defrosted using a four-step method with a thawing temperature of 30°C and an ambient temperature of 25°C. 1.2.3 Embryo transplantation The recipients at 70.5 days after estrus were transplanted using conventional surgical methods. Pull out the ovary to record the number of corpus luteum and follicles, the embryo inhalation and transplantation needle into the horn of the uterine horn, each recipient sheep into a B grade or more embryos, intraperitoneal injection of 150ml warm saline, conventional suture. The recipients without the corpus luteum, the corpus luteum, the degenerative corpus luteum, and the large follicles on the ovary are not transplanted. 1.2.4 postoperative care of the recipient sheep after surgery to strengthen care, postoperative intramuscular injection of antibiotics and the Department of spraying iodine, pay attention to observe the return situation, feed the full price of feed, standardized management, prenatal strengthening ewe care, postpartum attention Mother care. 2 Results 2.1 Reciprocal sheep oestrus estrus treatment results (see Table 1) During the same period of estrus treatment of 122 recipients of sheep, 94 estrus, 49 transplants, the recipient rate of 40.8%. Table 1 Reciprocal oestrus estrus treatment effect statistical table Treatment time Number of bolus thrombectomy Receptor number of the same period Number of estrus receptors Number of operative receptors Number of transplant recipients Contemporaneous estrus Receptor utilization % Receptor utilization % 20/ 1112212094944952.140.8 Remarks: estrus receptor utilization ratio at the same period = (transplantation receptor number / number of estrus receptors in the same period) 100%; receptor utilization rate = (recipient transplantation number / thrombectomy receptor number) 100% 2.2 embryo transfer results Lambs and lambs (see Table 2) A total of 52 frozen embryos were thawed and transplanted into the 49 uterine horns of post-estrus 70.5 recipients. After 40 days, a pregnancy test was performed with a B-mode ultrasound diagnostic device. There were 31 pregnant women and 2 abortions. 29 Only 29 lambs were accepted. The rate of pregnancy for the transplanted person A was 66.6%, and the rate of pregnancy for the transplanted B was 51.2%. The difference was significant. Table 2 Effect of Embryo Transplantation Statistics Table Transplantation Time Number of Transplantation Thaw Number of Embryos Number of Accepted Pregnancy Number of Receiving Abortions Number of Parturient Receptors Number of Lambs Labratory Rate % Labyin % 21/124952312292963.359.2 Remarks: Three embryos are thawed Later determined as C level, with transplantation. 3 DISCUSSION 3.1 Factors affecting receptors' estrus effectiveness and receptor utilization at the same time The receptors' estrus effect at the same period is mainly affected by the health condition of the recipient sheep, nutritional status, standardization of feeding and management, the time of the estrus treatment at the same period, and the time of treatment of the recipient sheep at the same time. The physiological phase and the estrus treatment process during the same period and other factors. Selecting the recipient should choose a large, sexually mature Guanzhong dairy goat, which can reduce the difficult yield and increase the survival rate of the lamb. According to several tests, goats' estrus time and transplant time should be between February and May and between September and December. Receptor utilization has a direct impact on the economic benefits of embryo transfer, the accuracy of estrus identification, and the nutritional status of receptors are the major factors affecting receptor utilization. When estrus identification is performed, selective rams should be selected to conduct estrus identification, supplementation should be performed 2 months before the recipient sheep is treated, and management should be strengthened to minimize stress response. Simultaneous treatment of receptors can be carried out in several batches at the same time, so that part of the receptors that are early or late in estrus can be fully utilized to increase the utilization of the receptors. 3.2 Factors influencing pregnancy rate of embryo transfer The pregnancy rate of embryo transfer is affected by many factors, such as the quality of the embryo, the corpus luteum of the recipient, the season of embryo transfer, the feeding and management of the recipient, the transplantation technology, Aseptic operation and post-transplantation fetal care work. According to Chen Yongchang et al., from the aspect of pregnancy rate, there was no significant difference between Class A and B blastocyst and Class A mulberry embryos, and the pregnancy rate of Class B mulberry embryos was significantly reduced. The pregnancy rate of Class C mulberry embryos and blastocysts was less than 10%. In addition, by analyzing the comparison of the pregnancy results of this trial, the proficiency of the surgical operator also affects the conception rate, and the difference between the skilled person and the beginner's pregnancy rate is 15.4%. 3.3 Analysis of Economic Benefits This time, 52 frozen embryos of Saanen dairy goats were thawed and transplanted into 49 recipients. Totally 29 lambs were born, and only 1.79 embryos were needed for lambing on average, which greatly reduced the cost of introduction. This shows that the embryo transfer of Saanen dairy goats can speed up the reproduction rate of this species, and provide a large number of rams for the improvement of local goat breeds, which can create better economic and social benefits. 4 Conclusions Guanzhong dairy goats have good effects on the receptors of Saanen dairy goats. The two months before transplantation, they are dewormed, reared in separate rows, improve the nutrition level, select appropriate seasons, and skilled personnel can improve the rate of transfer. Introducing the embryos of Saanen dairy goats from abroad and carrying out embryo transplantation and improved breeding can reduce the introduction cost and the risk of introducing live organisms, and can create better economic and social benefits.
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