Application of Biotechnology in Fruit Trees

With a wide variety of fruit trees and a wide geographical distribution, it is an important economic crop in the world today. Many countries attach great importance to the production of fruit trees, and vigorously support scientific research on fruit trees, and formulate relevant preferential policies. This has enabled the global fruit tree industry to achieve considerable development in recent decades. In particular, the infiltration and impact of modern science and technology on fruit tree production and scientific research have made the production, quality, and benefits of fruit tree production more comprehensive. Modern high-tech science and technology have been developed on the basis of breakthroughs in modern biology, microelectronics, and polymer science. The most important agricultural technology is biotechnology. Its application in fruit trees is: In the use of genetic engineering techniques to improve crop traits, a number of transgenic plants have been obtained that are resistant to viruses, insects, herbicides, and nutrients.
The fruitful application of this technology to tomatoes is exciting: both domestic and foreign countries have successfully used antisense gene technology to develop highly resistant tomatoes, which can be stored at room temperature for 2-4 months after harvest. Keep green and just use a small amount of ethylene before processing to normalize it. Relatively speaking, there is still a lot of work to do in the use of genetic engineering techniques to improve fruit tree traits. Although valuable transgenic plants have not yet been obtained on fruit trees, an effective transformation system has been established and the marker genes have been transferred to fruit trees for expression. For example, good progress has been made in the gene transfer studies of fruit trees such as apples, peaches, walnuts, grapes, etc., and bright prospects have emerged for the further use of genetic engineering techniques to improve fruit quality.
Tissue culture and cell engineering. Tissue culture has become a mature technology in planting seedlings of fruit trees and breeding of virus-free seedlings. For example, the department of horticulture at South China Agricultural University has used tissue culture technology for breeding and promotion of fine banana varieties for many years, and has achieved significant social and economic benefits. During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, a total of 11 rapid production lines such as grapes, apples, bananas and oranges were established in China, supplying 10 million plantlets. In addition, fruitful results have been achieved in the cultivation of virus-free seedlings using tissue culture techniques. The virus-free banana seedlings in the southern region have been widely promoted, and the virus-free seedlings of the northern deciduous fruit trees have also been promoted.
Molecular biology technology. The molecular markers such as PCR, RFIP, and RAPD that were developed in the 1980s and 1990s greatly facilitated gene-level manipulation and analysis. Not only for gene isolation, cloning, and nucleic acid sequence analysis. It can also be used for the construction of mutants and recombinants as well as the study of gene expression regulation, genetic abnormality analysis, heterosis identification, seed purity identification, mutant identification, genetic analysis and gene mapping. These technologies have been applied in the research of fruit trees such as apples, bananas, strawberries, and mangoes, and have shown great potential in the research of fruit tree genetics and breeding.

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