Pay attention to the effect of high temperature in summer on laying hens
The suitable temperature for egg production is 13-20 degrees Celsius, of which the highest egg production rate is 13-16 degrees Celsius, and the feed reward is also the best. When the temperature exceeds 30 degrees Celsius, it will cause a series of adverse physiological and mental reactions of the chicken. In hot summer, high temperature has a great influence on the growth of laying hens, egg production, egg weight, egg shell quality, fertilization rate of egg, and feed remuneration.
1 Physiological changes in laying hens under high temperature stress
Under hypothermic stress, the hypothalamus synthesizes and releases corticotropin-releasing hormone, reaching the anterior pituitary through the pituitary portal system. The pituitary gland secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone, which reaches the adrenal gland through blood circulation and promotes the synthesis of corticosterone by the adrenal gland, resulting in high nervousness of the chicken, rapid heartbeat, reduced feed intake, and reduced sexual activity; the body begins to use a large amount of internal energy to make blood glucose Increased body protein breakdown, chicken growth is slow, gradually weight loss, osteoporosis, egg weight reduction, eggshell quality, increased breakage, protein thin. Under stress conditions, the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus atrophy, and the lymphatic system declines, resulting in a reduction of peripheral lymphocytes and eosinophils, and reducing the body's resistance to disease. The amount of vitamin synthesis in the body decreases, but the requirement increases, causing the chicken body. lack of. Therefore, stress has an adverse effect on the growth, health, and production of laying hens.
2 Effect of high temperature on laying hens
2.1 Affecting Feed Intake In actual production, ambient temperature at 25-340C decreases feed intake by 1-1.5 g/d for every lC, and loC by 32-36°C reduces feed intake by 4.2 g/d.
2.2 Affecting egg production When the high temperature attacks, the survival requires heat dissipation, which leads to a series of reactions - heart rate and breathing speed. These physiological reactions require energy. Energy can only come from protein, carbohydrate and fat breakdown. Energy can not be used for egg production when it is used for stress, so the common egg production declines under high temperature stress conditions.
2.3 The temperature of the digestive environment affecting nutrients affects the peristalsis of digestive tract and the secretion of digestive enzymes in laying hens, thereby altering the evacuation rate of chyme and affecting the digestion of feed. Under high temperature stress, the activity of intestinal protease and amylase decreased, which may be mainly due to the decrease of enzyme secretion.
2.4 Influencing the Metabolism Utilization of Nutrients When animals are in a heat stress zone, the animals do not need to produce heat to maintain body temperature and the total body metabolism is lower due to the inhibition of feed intake and production. However, animals need to enhance metabolic reactions during the process of dissipating residual heat in the body. Therefore, the metabolic intensity of nutrients in the body is higher than that in the moderate temperature zone. That is, as the temperature of the environment increases, the metabolic energy value of the feed decreases.
3 measures taken
3.1 Summer cooling
3.1.1 Strengthen ventilation and ventilation in the house, install exhaust fans and ceiling fans, increase air flow rate, and ensure indoor air is fresh.
3.1.2 Plant shaded plants around the house to absorb heat, or install parasols at the windows to avoid direct sunlight and prevent the occurrence of licking.
3.1.3 Water is sprayed directly on the roof of the chicken house, and the heat is removed by the regulation of water and evaporation of water. Or spray directly to the body, 1-2 times a day (about 2:00 pm, 7:00 pm or so), this method can reduce the indoor temperature 5-70C, but to ensure good ventilation and avoid excessive humidity. Artificial rain equipment can also be installed on conditional conditions.
3.2 Increase the temperature of drinking water in chickens, increase the amount of chicken body water, and increase the amount of water in the chickens. When the birds are drinking water, when the temperature is higher than 32-350C, drinking water Add appropriate amount of vitamin C, electrolyte, etc. to achieve the purpose of cooling and preventing heat stroke.
3.3 Adjusting the nutritional structure of the diet
3.3.1 Regulation of energy, protein and amino acids. As the temperature of the chicken increases, the amount of water consumed by the chicken increases and the feed intake decreases. This affects the nutritional needs of the chicken itself and its normal production performance (eg, growth, egg production, etc.). Therefore, it is beneficial to properly adjust the nutritional level of feeds, properly increase energy and protein content, and increase the protein/energy ratio of the diet. According to some scholars' studies, it is shown that adding proper amount of animal fat (1.5%) to layer diets in summer can enhance the palatability of feed, and has a good effect on improving egg production rate, feed conversion efficiency, and economic efficiency.
3.2 Increase the temperature of drinking water in chickens, increase the amount of chicken body water, and increase the amount of water in the chickens. When the birds are drinking water, when the temperature is higher than 32-350C, drinking water Add appropriate amount of vitamin C, electrolyte, etc. to achieve the purpose of cooling and preventing heat stroke.
3.3 Adjusting the nutritional structure of the diet
3.3.1 Regulation of energy, protein and amino acids. As the temperature of the chicken increases, the amount of water consumed by the chicken increases and the feed intake decreases. This affects the nutritional needs of the chicken itself and its normal production performance (eg, growth, egg production, etc.). Therefore, it is beneficial to properly adjust the nutritional level of feeds, properly increase energy and protein content, and increase the protein/energy ratio of the diet. According to some scholars' studies, it is shown that adding proper amount of animal fat (1.5%) to layer diets in summer can enhance the palatability of feed, and has a good effect on improving egg production rate, feed conversion efficiency, and economic efficiency.
3.3.2 Vitamin C is added to the diet. In the case of heat stress chickens need only a large amount of vitamin C to meet the body's consumption of body heat, in addition, vitamin C can inhibit body temperature rise, increase feed intake, enhance the body resistance to disease, the amount of 100-300g / t.
3.3.3 Add electrolytes to the diet. Adding potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate to the diet can increase egg production and improve eggshell quality.
3.4 Add drugs to relieve heat stress
3.4.1 Recent studies have concluded that citric acid is a promising stress-protective agent in the poultry industry and can alleviate heat stress.
3,4,2 Add Bacitracin Zinc, can reduce heat stress, improve feed conversion rate, dosage 10-30g/t.
3.5 Strengthen Feeding Management
3.5.1 Improve feeding methods, mainly in the morning and evening, increase the number of feedings and feeding amount.
3.5.2 In the summer, we must do a good job of cleaning, insist on cleaning drinking water equipment every day; regularly disinfect; timely clean chicken excrement, kill mosquitoes and flies.
3.5.3 The breeder should go back and forth without interruption and find that the chickens with heat-stroke symptoms are promptly transferred to a cool place.
3.5.4 It may be appropriate to add green and juicy green feed such as cabbage leaves and watermelon rinds.
3.5.5 Control unnecessary personnel and vehicles to prevent the transmission of pathogens.
3.6 Strengthen the awareness of prevention of fowl disease As a result of the high ambient temperature and other unfavorable factors, the immune function of the flock will decline, which may lead to an increase in the incidence of flock diseases, especially E. coli, staphylococcal disease and atypical Newcastle disease. Wait. Therefore, especially for chickens raised on the ground while strengthening the cooling and heatstroke prevention measures, efforts should be made to strengthen epidemic prevention.
3.7 Do a good job in the daily record of flock management In the production process, the production record is a basic content that reflects whether the flock production is normal. Through the recorded content, various indicators of chicken performance can be analyzed, such as daily intake, egg production, etc., to analyze whether the chicken is normal, observe the feces to analyze the occurrence of the disease.
In short, in the hot summer months, comprehensive measures should be taken to create a suitable environment for the flock to ensure a healthy and productive flock.
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