Fertilizers also have five elements of balanced fertilization, scientific fertilization, increase production and improve efficiency.

Do you know that there is a "synergy" relationship between fertilizers, and there is also a contradiction between "phases". For example, if more phosphorus is applied, the excess available phosphorus combines with the effective zinc in the soil to form a poorly soluble zinc phosphate precipitate, which causes a lack of effective zinc in the soil. Not only that, excess available phosphorus also inhibits crop nitrogen uptake and causes nitrogen deficiency.

Another example is the application of potassium fertilizer. Excess potassium will reduce the absorption of nitrogen, magnesium, calcium, boron and zinc by crops, causing the lack of these nutrients in crops. Even organic fertilizer can not be applied too much. If the application is too much, the microorganisms in the soil and the crops will have the contradiction between “striving nitrogen” and “taking nitrogen”, causing the soil to temporarily lack nitrogen for a period of time, and the excess organic matter forms a complex with zinc. a compound or chelate that reduces the effectiveness of zinc.

Method of preventing "phase" between fertilizers

1 as far as possible to achieve balanced fertilization

Partial application or multi-application of fertilizers on crops not only wastes fertilizer, increases production costs, but also leads to the lack of some other nutrients. When fertilizing, according to the different fertilizer structure of the crops and the fertility of the soil, we must measure the balance and not balance the balance of many nutrients, so that we can be safe.

2 According to the proportion of demand for various nutrients in different crops, it is necessary to increase and increase

Relative to elemental fertilizers, the proportion of nutrients in compound fertilizers or compound fertilizers is more appropriate and coordinated. Therefore, when applying fertilizer, compound fertilizer should be mainly used, supplemented by elemental fertilizer. For crops with large potassium content such as vegetables with tubers and roots, it can be increased based on the application of sulfur-based compound fertilizer. Potassium sulfate fertilizer is used as a supplement.

3 staggered application period or application site

If zinc fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are mixed, it will inevitably produce "phase grams." Therefore, the phosphate fertilizer should be applied as a base fertilizer or a base fertilizer, and the zinc fertilizer should be applied as a top dressing. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other large-scale element fertilizers should be based on rhizosphere top dressing, and micro-fertilizer should adopt foliar spray method.

4 narrow the contact range

Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can be applied by means of spreading; phosphate fertilizers can be applied by concentrated fertilization; micro-fertilizers can be used for seed dressing, soaking seeds, rooting, etc., so that trace elements are confined to the smaller part of the roots, and try not to Elemental contact.

Fertilizers contain a variety of elements. Different crops, different soils, and different elements and amounts used in different periods are different. But what kind of relationship do these elements have with each other? Which elements have antagonistic effects? These basic problems can be mastered. Fertilization must be used in the future! Let's learn together today.

There will be a reaction between the elements

Nitrogen: It is more difficult to absorb nitrate nitrogen than to absorb ammonia nitrogen; excessive application of potassium and phosphorus affects the absorption of nitrogen; boron deficiency is not conducive to nitrogen absorption.

Phosphorus: increasing zinc can reduce the absorption of phosphorus; polynitrogen is not conducive to the absorption of phosphorus; iron also has an antagonistic effect on the absorption of phosphorus; the addition of lime can make phosphorus into an unacceptable state; magnesium can promote the absorption of phosphorus.

Potassium: Increased boron promotes absorption of potassium, zinc reduces absorption of potassium; polynitrogen is not conducive to potassium absorption; calcium and magnesium have antagonistic effects on potassium absorption.

Calcium: Potassium affects calcium absorption and lowers calcium nutrition level; magnesium affects calcium transport, magnesium and boron have antagonistic effect on calcium; ammonium salt can reduce calcium absorption and reduce calcium to fruit transfer; It also reduces the absorption of calcium; increasing the aluminum, manganese, and nitrogen in the soil also reduces the absorption of calcium.

Magnesium: Potassium affects the absorption of magnesium. A large amount of sodium and phosphorus is not conducive to the absorption of magnesium. Polynitrogen can cause magnesium deficiency. Magnesium and calcium, potassium, ammonium, hydrogen have antagonistic effects, and the addition of sulfates can cause magnesium deficiency. Magnesium can eliminate the toxicity of calcium. Magnesium deficiency is easy to induce zinc deficiency and manganese deficiency. Magnesium and zinc have mutually reinforcing effects.

Iron: Polyboron affects the absorption of iron and reduces the iron content in plants. Nitrate nitrogen affects the absorption of iron. Vanadium and iron have antagonistic effects, causing more iron-deficient elements. Their order is Ni>Cu>Co> Gr>Zn>Mo>Mn. Potassium deficiency can cause iron deficiency; a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium can cause iron deficiency.

Boron: Iron and aluminum oxides can cause boron deficiency; aluminum, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium hydroxides can cause boron deficiency; long-term lack of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron can lead to boron deficiency; increased potassium can be aggravated The lack of boron, the lack of potassium will lead to a small amount of boron poisoning; the increase in nitrogen, the amount of boron required, will lead to the lack of boron. Manganese is not good for boron absorption, and plants need appropriate Ca/B and K/B ratios (eg, Ca/B for grape plants is 1234 milliequivalents, K/B is 1142 milliequivalents). And the appropriate Ca/Mg ratio. Boron has a controlling effect on the Ca/Mg and Ca/K ratios. Several elements that form complexes, such as antimony, aluminum, and antimony, temporarily improve boron deficiency.

Manganese: Calcium, zinc, and iron hinder the absorption of manganese, and iron hydroxide can cause manganese to precipitate. Manganese is fixed by applying a physiological alkaline fertilizer. Vanadium can slow the toxicity of manganese. Sulfur and chlorine can increase the manganese in the released state and the effective state, which is beneficial to the absorption of manganese, which is not conducive to the absorption of manganese.

Molybdenum: Nitrate nitrogen is beneficial to the absorption of molybdenum, and ammonia nitrogen is not conducive to the absorption of molybdenum; sulfate is not conducive to the absorption of molybdenum. A large amount of calcium, aluminum, lead, and iron, copper, and manganese all hinder the absorption of molybdenum. In the state of phosphorus deficiency and sulfur deficiency, molybdenum is inevitably deficient, increasing phosphorus is beneficial to the absorption of molybdenum, and increasing sulfur is unfavorable; when phosphorus is abundant, more molybdenum is required. Therefore, excessive phosphorus sometimes leads to the lack of molybdenum.

Zinc: The formation of hydroxide, carbonate and phosphate in zinc is unacceptable. Plants require an appropriate p/Zn ratio (typically 100-120, more than 250 zinc deficiency). Excessive phosphorus can lead to zinc deficiency. When nitrogen is used, it needs more zinc. Sometimes it will lead to zinc deficiency. Nitrate is beneficial to zinc absorption. Ammonia nitrogen is not conducive to zinc absorption. Increased potassium and calcium are not conducive to zinc absorption. Manganese, copper and molybdenum are detrimental to zinc absorption. There is mutual absorption between magnesium and zinc. Zinc deficiency leads to less potassium in the roots. The clay with a low Si/Mg ratio in the soil will be deficient in Zn, which antagonizes the absorption of iron.

Copper: The application of physiological acid nitrogen or potassium fertilizer can increase the activity of copper and facilitate absorption. The formation of copper phosphates, carbonates and hydroxides hinders absorption, so it is rich in Co2, carbonic acid and calcium-rich soils, which is not conducive to copper absorption. Phosphorus can cause copper. The generation of H2S in the anaerobic state of the soil also hinders the absorption of copper. Copper is also antagonized with aluminum, iron, zinc and manganese. Nitrogen is also not conducive to the absorption of copper.

Poor physical and chemical properties of soil

The physical and chemical properties mentioned here mainly refer to the factors related to nutrient absorption. The growth of normal and vigorous shoots depends on the good development of the root system. The deeper and wider the root distribution, the more nutrients are absorbed and the more nutrients that may be absorbed. The soil is stiff and firm, and the hard disk, bleaching layer and high groundwater level on the bottom layer will limit the extension of the root system, reduce the absorption of nutrients by crops, and aggravate or cause deficiency.

High groundwater levels, such as some lowlands, occur more frequently during the rainy season when the groundwater level rises. In calcareous soils, the high groundwater level also increases the amount of bicarbonate ions (HC03-) in the soil solution and affects iron. The effectiveness of this, thereby causing or exacerbating iron deficiency and the like. Unreasonable land leveling has also made the rise of poor soils with poor soil nutrients often a cause of deficiency. (Organic Fertilizer Agrochemicals)

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