Medicinal Plant Pest Preventive Biological Enemy Shows
In recent years, people have paid more and more attention to physical health, and some medicines and foods with health care or even therapeutic effects have gradually become popular with consumers. To this end, while Beijing is adjusting its agricultural structure, it has also increased the proportion of cash crops and Chinese herbal medicines to meet the growing consumer demand of the citizens. For example, the traditional Chinese herbal medicine honeysuckle planting area in Beijing has now reached more than 8,000 acres, while the health plant "new" Moringa has also been successfully introduced last year, the growing area is growing. As these two foods have the characteristics of picking fresh food, their pest control measures become more cautious. To protect the food safety of consumers, the use of green prevention and control technologies based on natural enemies is the best choice.
Recently, it was reported that an "foreign" plant introduced by the Fangshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences had caused pests. The experts at the Plant Protection Station used "secret weapons" to control pests. What exactly is this matter about? Let's go to the Fangshan District Agricultural Research Institute High Efficiency Demonstration Park in Liangshan Town, Fangshan District.
Beijing Greenhouse Planted "Foreign" Plant Moringa
Walking into the greenhouse of the demonstration park, you will see a row of young saplings growing lushly, with graceful trees and slim, this is the exotic plant Moringa. According to the completion of the planting technology in the park, “Spicy wood is native to India and Africa. Yunnan introduced Moringa for cultivation in the 1960s. When President Xi Jinping visited Cuba, he gave the Moringa seed as a national gift to the Cuban leader. Stromatonica is a vegetable, a medicine, and has a very high value for medicinal use, and our plant was introduced just last year.The kind of Moringa we plant is mainly from its tender stems and tender leaves when the vegetables are eaten. There is a hint of spicyness in the delicate fragrance of tender stems and leaves, and the aftertaste is slightly sweet, because Moringa is a tropical tree that cannot survive in the winter in Beijing and is therefore grown in the greenhouse. Moringa can grow to 20 to 30 meters in the country of origin. High, but in the greenhouse, Moringa oleifera seedlings grow to a height of 1 meter and can be harvested."
Permeable greenhouse pests
Although the introduction of Moringa into Beijing is not long, it is still a new face in the economic crops. However, the local pests did not live up to their lives and dared to take advantage of the fresh. Because of the smooth and tender feathers and branches of Moringa oleifera, it quickly became the object of the greenhouse pests such as leafhoppers and thrips. The leaves and twigs of Moringa oleifera can be sucked by the leaves and nymphs of leafhoppers, and the nymphs and adults of thrips are sucked on the leaf veins of Moringa oleifera. The damage caused by these two kinds of pests results in the appearance of leaves of Moringa oleifera. Yellowing and white, serious black necrotic spots, seriously affecting the value of their fresh food. Ye Yu and Hummer are not only alternate but also at the same time, making the prevention and treatment more difficult.
Bio-environmental enemy
Because Moringa has the characteristics of picking fresh foods, the park is particularly cautious in preventing and controlling leafhoppers and cockroaches. “Mortar wood is currently in the picking period. Considering that chemical pesticides have a safety interval, we must adopt safer methods of prevention and control.†Completion explained: “I heard that the natural enemies of the Beijing Plant Protection Station were safe and effective, so we used This "secret weapon." The two technicians at the Beijing Plant Protection Station took out a transparent glass bottle and a plastic bottle containing a "secret weapon" to control the horse and leafhopper - Natural enemy insects. It is reported that the glass bottle is loaded with East Asian florets, which can control the hummer; plastic bottles are loaded with Chilean vegetative lice, which can control leafhoppers. Open the bottle cap and gently spread the natural enemies together with the medium on the leaves of Moringa. Natural enemies are easy to apply and have long-lasting and effective control effects. They are mainly safe for crops and consumers and can be picked and eaten at any time. East Asian florets mainly prey on thrips, but also can prevent locusts, leafhoppers, etc., while the Chilean small vegetable worms prey on leafhoppers, is a professional killer of leafhoppers. The two natural enemies have good compatibility, small competition among species, and each prey on target pests, and can achieve an effect of 1 plus 1 and more than 2. At present, Beijing’s plant protection stations have been developing and producing ladybugs, predatory cockroaches, small-flowered cockroaches, and blind cockroaches for four types of pests (aphids, leafhoppers, thrips, and whiteflies) in facilities in Beijing. The prevention and control of natural enemies of facilities pests has been fully covered, which has solved the problem that the products of natural enemies in the past were of a single species and cannot be integrated to prevent and control multiple pests at the same time. At present, the hummocks and leafhoppers on Moringa oleifera have been controlled and the control effect is obvious.
Ladybugs are effective against honeysuckle locusts
Honeysuckle has been planted in large areas such as Fangshan, Miyun, and Mentougou in recent years. The multiple values ​​of medicinal, ornamental and horticulture have attracted widespread attention, and the economic benefits brought by it have directly benefited growers. In the process of honeysuckle planting, locust infestation has gradually become a top priority. The locusts have the characteristics of rapid propagation, multigeneration, and aggregation. They mainly damage the shoots, leaves, and buds by sucking sap, which can cause the leaves to wilt. In severe cases, it can lead to the loss of production. The use of ladybugs to control honeysuckle locusts, in the early stages of locust occurrence, using yellow plates to monitor winged maggots, according to scoop to larvae ratio of 1 to 10 to release adult ladybird insects, 25 days after the control effect is still above 70%, the effect Comparable to chemical agents.
Natural enemy insects apply radiation to other provinces and cities
With the continuous advancement of the pesticide reduction plan, the city’s agricultural green prevention and control technology application area has been continuously expanding, and the variety of applied crops has been continuously enriched, and the application level has been continuously improved. While gradually satisfying the city’s needs, natural enemies and insects have also emerged from Beijing and are used in other provinces/regions, such as: East Asian floret to control yellow-breasted thrips on Hainan mangoes and Chaya horses on Guizhou tea trees. All of them are well received by local farmers and provide a new way for the local pest biological control.
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Magical Moringa
Moringa is a perennial tropical deciduous tree, native to northern India, has been introduced to many countries in the world, China's Yunnan, Fujian, Guangdong, Beijing and other places are planted. Researchers from a number of universities and research institutes in Europe, America and Japan believe that Moringa has a certain therapeutic efficacy. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) promotes the planting of Moringa in Africa to solve African food and nutrition problems. In Moringa's hometown of India, Moringa is actually a very common tree. Its flowers, leaves and tender fruit can be used as vegetables for soups and salads. Moringa seeds can be eaten directly or as powdered seasonings. One of the ingredients in curry is the powder made by drying the roots of Moringa seedlings. It can be said that Moringa is a treasure, it is widely used as a vegetable, medicine in the promotion of nutrition, diet and health care, medical health, etc., known as "the tree of life", "the magical tree." In Beijing, Moringa is mainly eaten as fresh vegetables. Moringa twigs brought from Yunnan by air can be sold for 200 yuan a pound. However, if moringa is grown in the greenhouse in the city in the future, people may buy fresh moringa at a cheaper price.
Home Moringa cultivation techniques
Although Moringa is arborous, it can grow to over 20 meters in height in the outdoors, but it can also be planted in pots at home.
â—† Colonization
There are two methods: one is the seed live, soaking healthy and full of seeds in water for 24 hours, sowing in the matrix, covering the soil 1 cm, irrigating the water. After seeing the wet water can be seen dry; the other is transplanting seedlings, seedlings plant height 15 to 20 cm, you can transplant.
â—† Daily management
Moringa is resistant to drought and barren. In the seedling stage, as long as the appropriate humidity can be maintained, water should be properly watered in the dry season to facilitate growth. Generally, it is not necessary to apply fertilizer, but in order to promote growth, compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer may be appropriately applied, which is favorable for restoring the tree potential and wintering of the tree body. Moringa grows rapidly and can grow to a height of about 1 meter in 2 to 3 months. Therefore, in order to increase branching and facilitate harvesting, the plants are generally dried at a height of about 0.5 meters. After each winter, the plants will be shorter than 1 meter high. Moringa leaves can be harvested 15 to 20 days.
â—†Pest and disease control
Spicy wood insect pests include butterfly larvae, leafhoppers, and thrips, etc. Slight damage can be achieved by manually removing or removing diseased leaves or natural enemies. Diseases mainly include root rot, anthrax, and defoliation (black spot disease). Every time after picking young shoots, spray some broad-spectrum and low-toxic germicides to protect the wounds.
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