Cultivation and Utilization of Alfalfa

In recent years, alfalfa has been popularized in southern China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Its rich nutritional value, huge roots, and efficient biological nitrogen fixation have gradually made it a part of the restructuring of the province's returning farmland to forest (grass) and planting industry. One of the major pasture crops selected and used.

Variety selection. Alfalfa is a perennial grass, high temperature and moisture resistance in our province is the key to the success of planting. Therefore, species selection is very important. In our province, it is generally more appropriate to use varieties with a fall index of 6-7. In addition, reference should be made to crude protein content, grass production, pest resistance, and other factors based on cropping purposes, soil conditions, and management levels. Ability to determine suitable varieties.

Planting Techniques. The roots of alfalfa are deep in the soil, and they are suitable for deep, dry, well-drained calcareous soils with wide adaptability. They can grow well in low mountains, hills, fields and plains in our province. However, attention should be paid to acidic soil areas where lime should be periodically applied to reduce the acidity of the soil. The barren soil should be applied with an appropriate amount of base fertilizer to facilitate the early formation of root nodules. The sowing date can be selected from spring sowing, summer sowing, autumn sowing or winter sowing. Spring sowing can be planted when the soil temperature is stable at more than 5°C; in summer, short-season or oil crops should be used as cover seeding or nesting; autumn sowing should be completed about 60 days before the onset of the first frost period to ensure safe wintering of seedlings; Winter sowing is often carried out by planting seedlings in winter, with a sowing volume of 1-1.5 kilograms per mu. There are divided seeding and sowing, the depth of 2-3 cm (clay no more than 2 cm is appropriate); received grass field commonly used seeding, row spacing 30 cm evenly sowing, sowing after the suppression of security. In the seedling stage of alfalfa, the growth is slow, the spring sowing is easy to be harmed by weeds, pay attention to removing weeds and keeping the soil moisture; summer sowing pays attention to shade sun protection; autumn sowing pays attention to the seedling growth period, the foot water irrigation before the soil freezing, can freeze and drought, enhance seedlings Overwintering ability, while paying attention to the prevention of pests and diseases.

Utilization and management. Alfalfa is mostly used for the use of green grasshoppers. It is cut at the early flowering stage of the buds, leaving a height of about 5 centimeters. Castration should be stopped 30 days before frost. Immediately after each castration should be watered, such as top-dressing phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, better grass production. Alfalfa can be made into high-quality green hay, grass powder, grass particles or a full-priced compound feed. It can be mixed with grass grass or barley corn to make good silage. Alfalfa and grass can be mixed and broadcast to build high-yield and high quality. Grazing pasture, in addition, alfalfa can also be used as vegetable food and honey plants. Alfalfa is good in palatability, and for ruminants such as cattle and sheep, overeating can easily cause bloat disease. Attention should be paid to controlling proper feed intake.

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