Causes of premature aging of rice and its prevention
Premature rice defoliation is characterized by stems and leaves withering, premature aging, after heading to maturity, resulting in poor grain filling, increased indica and reduced yield, if not pay attention to prevent premature aging, generally reduce the yield of 15-30%.
Reasons for premature aging of rice:
The first is low-lying, poor ventilation, which causes harmful reducing substances in the soil, such as hydrogen sulfate, lactic acid, butyric acid, and excessive divalent iron ions to accumulate, endangering the physiological function of the root system, reducing root activity, and even causing severe black roots. Root rot. The lack of certain elements in the soil, the low fertility of the plough layer, and the inability of the crop to meet nutrient requirements are prone to premature aging.
Second, the quality of ploughing is not good, especially on the ground, where land cannot be ploughed every year, soil compaction, poor permeability, and poor root development. And due to absorption of fertilizer to ensure low fertility and iron, manganese and other elements can easily leaching, prone to late fertility fat loss and premature aging. In terms of cultivation measures, if the planting density is too high, the individual plants have weak growth and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is excessive, and the relative supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and trace fertilizers is insufficient. Long-term flooding, do not dry out. Premature water cuts, premature and late-maturing varieties, late planting, improper management, etc., can all lead to premature aging.
The third is the climatic factor. During the filling of rice, if the temperature is low or the number of hours of sunshine is too low, the production and transfer of assimilation materials will slow down. In September, if the rice meets a low temperature during grain filling, the varieties with poor cold tolerance or Plants with infertile roots exhibit discoloration and premature aging.
The fourth factor is variety. According to the survey, the aerenchyma of dwarf and early maturing varieties is generally not as good as that of high stem varieties. Premature aging is related to the length of life of the leaves. The length of life of the leaves is also related to the thickness of the leaves. Generally, early-maturing varieties have thinner leaves and a shorter life span than late-maturing varieties, and thus early-maturing varieties are susceptible to premature aging. The following measures can be taken in prevention:
1. Improved Soils For low-lying lands and saline-alkali lands with high groundwater levels, the first is to build a field and a drainage project to strengthen and create infiltration conditions. Followed by fertilization to improve the soil, large-scale addition of high-quality farmyard fertilizers, promote rice straw return, leave sorghum and so on.
2. Rational fertilization For plots with frequent black roots or root rot, no or little sulfated fertilizer should be applied. Nitrogen fertilizer to eat less and more meals, to prevent the base fertilizer and manure an excessive amount of time, according to the seedlings increased panicle fertilizer and grain fertilizer to achieve live-bar mature. The application of potash and potassium fertilizer should pay attention to the supply of potassium fertilizer, especially in the early stage of booting, should be followed by high-potash fire ash, ash soil and so on. Promote the application of compound fertilizers or long-acting fertilizers with a coating, reasonable and appropriate application of trace fertilizer.
Reasons for premature aging of rice:
The first is low-lying, poor ventilation, which causes harmful reducing substances in the soil, such as hydrogen sulfate, lactic acid, butyric acid, and excessive divalent iron ions to accumulate, endangering the physiological function of the root system, reducing root activity, and even causing severe black roots. Root rot. The lack of certain elements in the soil, the low fertility of the plough layer, and the inability of the crop to meet nutrient requirements are prone to premature aging.
Second, the quality of ploughing is not good, especially on the ground, where land cannot be ploughed every year, soil compaction, poor permeability, and poor root development. And due to absorption of fertilizer to ensure low fertility and iron, manganese and other elements can easily leaching, prone to late fertility fat loss and premature aging. In terms of cultivation measures, if the planting density is too high, the individual plants have weak growth and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is excessive, and the relative supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and trace fertilizers is insufficient. Long-term flooding, do not dry out. Premature water cuts, premature and late-maturing varieties, late planting, improper management, etc., can all lead to premature aging.
The third is the climatic factor. During the filling of rice, if the temperature is low or the number of hours of sunshine is too low, the production and transfer of assimilation materials will slow down. In September, if the rice meets a low temperature during grain filling, the varieties with poor cold tolerance or Plants with infertile roots exhibit discoloration and premature aging.
The fourth factor is variety. According to the survey, the aerenchyma of dwarf and early maturing varieties is generally not as good as that of high stem varieties. Premature aging is related to the length of life of the leaves. The length of life of the leaves is also related to the thickness of the leaves. Generally, early-maturing varieties have thinner leaves and a shorter life span than late-maturing varieties, and thus early-maturing varieties are susceptible to premature aging. The following measures can be taken in prevention:
1. Improved Soils For low-lying lands and saline-alkali lands with high groundwater levels, the first is to build a field and a drainage project to strengthen and create infiltration conditions. Followed by fertilization to improve the soil, large-scale addition of high-quality farmyard fertilizers, promote rice straw return, leave sorghum and so on.
2. Rational fertilization For plots with frequent black roots or root rot, no or little sulfated fertilizer should be applied. Nitrogen fertilizer to eat less and more meals, to prevent the base fertilizer and manure an excessive amount of time, according to the seedlings increased panicle fertilizer and grain fertilizer to achieve live-bar mature. The application of potash and potassium fertilizer should pay attention to the supply of potassium fertilizer, especially in the early stage of booting, should be followed by high-potash fire ash, ash soil and so on. Promote the application of compound fertilizers or long-acting fertilizers with a coating, reasonable and appropriate application of trace fertilizer.
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