Why do you want to apply nitrogen fertilizer to fruit trees? Method for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in fruit trees
Everyone knows that farming is inseparable from nitrogen fertilizer, but in the cultivation of fruit trees, nitrogen fertilizer is also inseparable. Especially for fruit trees that have just been planted, the number and amount of nitrogen fertilizer are more. We often hear that "the long-leaved leaves of the nitrogen tree are prosperous, the phosphorus can promote the roots and trees, the spring nitrogen application is good, the leaves are flourishing, and the pests are few". Naturally, there is a certain truth.
Why do you want to give fruit trees nitrogen fertilizer? What is the use of nitrogen fertilizer for fruit trees? Presumably this problem is not clear to every fruit grower. I only know that nitrogen fertilizer is useful for fruit trees. Therefore, some people will greet the nitrogen fertilizer to the fruit trees. The result can be imagined and counterproductive. Therefore, people are now advocating scientific fertilization, but how to apply fertilizer scientifically, as a fruit grower, at least have to understand the characteristics of each fertilizer, and then scientific fertilization.
How to do scientific fertilization, I think at least to judge whether the fruit tree is lack of nitrogen fertilizer. Generally speaking, if the fruit tree appears, the tree grows slowly, the new shoot grows short, and it is erect spindle-shaped, the leaves are small erect, the leaf color is grayish green, the petiole and veins and the cortex become red, the flower is small, the fruit is small, the fruit is precocious, easy When shedding, there are many fine roots, and there are few big roots. When the new roots are yellow, it is necessary to consider whether the fruit trees are deficient in nitrogen fertilizer. Like these symptoms, it is basically caused by the lack of nitrogen fertilizer, so it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizer.
If the fruit trees appear to be large, the color of the leaves is thick, juicy, the branches are long, the disease resistance is reduced, the flower buds are less differentiated, the flowers are easy to fall, the fruit is not big, the ripeness is late, the coloration is poor, and the storage is not resistant. That means you have too much nitrogen. However, because the symptoms of excess nitrogen fertilizer are different due to different species, the shape of nitrogen fertilizer is different, the balance between nitrogen and other elements, and the activity of root system and the application time of nitrogen fertilizer are different, resulting in different symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary to judge whether there is excess nitrogen fertilizer according to the situation. If it is judged that there is excess nitrogen fertilizer, it is necessary to take timely measures to improve it, so as not to cause adverse consequences.
Why does nitrogen fertilizer have the effect of letting fruit trees grow and develop? Among the large number of elements and trace elements required for fruit trees, only nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth and development of fruit trees. This is because nitrogen is the main component of plant cell proteins, but also nucleic acid, chlorophyll, vitamins, enzymes and coenzyme systems. Hormones, as well as many important components of metabolic organic compounds. Therefore, nitrogen can promote the growth of new shoots, increase leaf area and increase leaf thickness. Increasing the chlorophyll content in the leaves and improving the photosynthetic efficiency are conducive to the thickening of the trunk and the rapid expansion of the canopy, and promote the early high yield. Appropriate nitrogen application can also promote flower bud formation, increase fruit set rate, accelerate fruit enlargement, increase fruit yield and improve fruit quality.
Therefore, in the vegetative growth of fruit trees, it is necessary to provide sufficient nitrogen to the fruit trees to meet the vegetative growth requirements of the fruit trees, and if it is in reproductive growth, it is necessary to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, to apply nitrogen fertilizer to fruit trees, it is necessary to grasp the dosage. If it is too small, it will not meet the requirements. If too much, it will be counterproductive.
So how do you do a reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer? The first thing to master is the problem of the amount of application. Mastering the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer is an important part of rational application of nitrogen fertilizer. The amount of nitrogen used for optimal yield is largely determined by the type of fruit tree, soil fertility, climate and agricultural technical conditions. To determine the nitrogen fertilizer application rate of a certain fruit tree, in most cases, as our ordinary fruit farmers, it can only rely on experience. In fact, this has a formula for calculating, that is, the annual fertilization amount = (annual absorption nutrient - natural supply) / fertilizer utilization rate, the general natural supply is 1/3 of absorption, and the fertilizer utilization nitrogen is 50%.
In the specific fertilization process, it is mainly based on the following aspects to determine how to apply nitrogen fertilizer:
1. Determine according to the condition of the soil. The soil is thin and appropriate to apply the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, which is an effective measure for the formation of yield in the thin orchard.
2. Determined according to the age of the tree. The growth of young fruit trees is small, and the amount of fertilizer needed is small, but it is very sensitive to the fertilizer reaction. In this period, nitrogen and phosphorus are the main factors, and potassium fertilizer is appropriately matched. It is worth noting that the saplings should not be over-fertilized. In the case of sufficient organic matter, a small amount of fertilizer or no nitrogen fertilizer may be applied. Nitrogen fertilizer should account for a large proportion in the initial fruit period. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added on the basis of nitrogen fertilizer to maintain the vegetative growth of fruit trees. If the tree is too strong, it should be based on phosphate fertilizer, with potassium fertilizer and less nitrogen fertilizer. During the fruiting period, the proportion of phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizer should be increased, especially the proportion of potassium fertilizer. Fertilization should pay attention to the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizer. In the old age, the tree is senescent, and more nitrogen fertilizer is applied. The proportion should be the same as that of the initial fruit tree to promote renewal and rejuvenation, and prolong the fruiting period.
3. Determine according to the situation of the tree potential. For the weaker growing fruit trees, in order to strengthen the growth of the branches and leaves, it is best to apply the nitrogen fertilizers in the early and long-term stages before the germination. Trees that grow vigorously and have little or no fruit will control nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation during the shoot growth period, and should increase the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer after the new shoots are stopped, and appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
4. Determine according to different growth periods. Pre-flowering fruit trees need to consume a lot of nutrients for germination and flowering, and appropriate amount of quick-acting fertilizer should be applied. At the flowering stage, 0.2%-0.3% urea solution was sprayed once before flowering, full bloom, and 3 weeks after flowering, which had a good effect on improving the fruit setting rate of fruit trees. After the flowering, the topdressing should be carried out immediately after the flowering, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be used as the main factor. The adult-age tree should be used for 100 kg of urea or 1 kg of urea per plant. It is necessary to have sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, especially nitrogen and potassium, from the young fruit stage to the fruit expansion stage. Each adult plant has 50 kg of excrement, 1 kg of superphosphate, and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate. In the autumn, after picking the fruit and before the fallen leaves, the appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied to maximize the growth of the roots of the fruit trees, promote the flower buds to continue to differentiate and full and full, and help the wintering storage of the fruit trees.
In general, the application of nitrogen fertilizer has certain advantages and has certain negative effects. In the end, how to apply nitrogen fertilizer can not be generalized, but should be determined according to its specific circumstances. At the same time, there are some problems with nitrogen application, and special fertilization techniques are needed.
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