Walnut spring pruning technique
The pruning period of the walnut tree is different from that of other fruit trees. It is not suitable for pruning during the dormant period, because the pruning during the dormant period is prone to injury and weaken the tree, and even cause local branches to die. The main pruning techniques:
I. Initial fruiting period From the beginning to the fruiting period of walnut trees, the vegetative growth was relatively strong, the crown of the tree expanded year by year, and the number of fruit increased year by year. Pruning at this time, in addition to continuing to cultivate backbone branches at all levels, we must also pay attention to retaining auxiliary branches, thinning out useless dense branches, long branches and thin branches, so that all types of branches are evenly distributed. The trunk of the canopy should have more fruiting branches properly, and should be kept dense and moderate to increase the fruiting area. The strong branches and weak branches are used to adjust the growth branches of the backbone branches at all levels to maintain a balanced tree development and cultivate a full crown.
Second, the walnut fruit period to the fruit peak period is the highest yield period. At the same time, the vegetative growth will gradually weaken, and the annual phenomenon of fruit production will become increasingly apparent. The canopy will gradually open, the number of peripheral branches will increase, and the inner cavity of the crown will be ventilated and transparent. Poor, the twigs are easy to dry, and the area begins to decrease. At this time, pruning is mainly to protect the fruit and increase the yield, and to extend the full fruit period. Weak branches, dry branches, overlapping branches, drooping branches, and disease and insect branches densely growing inside and outside the crown must be cut off from the base to improve the ventilation and light conditions, and promote the growth of the fruiting and robust fruiting and developing branches. Robust branches drawn from the inner chamber should be properly retained to facilitate inner chamber results. For dense branches, thinning should be done year by year, and the wound should be flattened to promote good healing.
3. When the growth potential of the walnut tree declines during the senescence period, the new shoots drawn each year are very short, and most of them cannot form flower buds, resulting in low ability. The crown cane or outer canopy has severe scorching phenomenon, and some large and medium branches also begin to dry out. Gradually shrink. At this time, it is necessary to recut and update to restore the tree vigor and prolong the fruiting period. Focus on retreating and pruning the perennial branches out of the scorch tips to promote their germination and strong new branches and restore the tree vigor. Select a supplementary branch in the retraction area to promote wound healing and crypt germination, making it a strong new branch and rejuvenating the tree. For old trees that are too weak, perennial backbone branches can be renewed year by year, strong buds can be germinated by hidden buds, and the crown can be re-formed to make the tree grow healthy.
Pruning method
1, young tree pruning points. The walnut tree sapling stage is rich in nutrients, the shoots grow rapidly, and the canopy expands year by year. At this time, pruning should pay attention to the cultivation of the trunk, keep the main branches, retain the auxiliary branches, and thin out the densely squeezed branches, long branches, thin branches in time. Keep more fruiting branches.
2. Promote the formation of fruiting branches. Erect strong and long branches, flatten them down and slow them down to ease the growth of the branches and promote the formation of fruiting branches.
3. Increasing the amount of branches and cultivating the branches. Use the short-cut method to increase the number of branches; the slow-release method is the main method, and large and medium-sized fruiting branches are cultivated on both sides of the side branches. When cutting branches, the remaining branches should be short to prevent bald branches from occurring; the old fruiting branches should be retracted in time; the branches derived from dormant buds should be used to renew the crown.
4. Improve the light inside the canopy. For dense branches, overlapping branches growing inside the canopy of the canopy, and competing branches and cross branches growing around the canopy of the canopy, it should be retracted or thinned appropriately.
5. Pruning the upper and lower branches. When the back branch is used as the main branch to extend the head, the main branch should be higher than the side branch, and the main branch should be stronger than the side branch; the back branch should generally be removed in time.
6. Control the growth of the back branches and drooping branches. The walnut branches are open at an angle; the growth of the back branches and drooping branches and the growth of the back branches and both branches compete for nutrition. At the same time when the walnut tree is pruned, it is best to combine it with other management measures (such as fertilizing, watering, controlling diseases and insect pests, etc.) for better results.
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