Winter vegetable replacement speeds up slow seedling growth
In December of each year, it is the time for two crops of vegetables to be replaced intensively. This vegetable seedling is in the coldest season of the year. Coupled with the rush of vegetable replacement period in winter, some vegetable farmers rush to plant in a timely manner before finishing the shed, leading to problems after seedling planting, such as slow seedlings and more diseases.
So, what should the vegetable farmer pay attention to in the management of the sheds changed in winter?
After clearing the garden
Fully handle the shed and prepare for planting
After the last stubble vegetable is pulled out, the garden should be thoroughly stubbed. The diseased leaves and fruits of the vegetables must have one or more germs or eggs on different levels, especially the gray mold disease strain. The diseased leaves and fruits carry When a large number of pathogenic spores are thrown on the ground, the pathogenic spores also fall to the ground and spread to all corners of the greenhouse with the airflow. It is difficult to kill these pathogenic spores and eggs due to the lack of high-temperature shacks in winter.
Vegetable farmers are advised to remove litter from their sheds immediately after plucking the vegetables and to do disinfection. After the garden is cleared, the vegetable farmers can fumigate with 400 ~ 600 grams of 45% bactericidal smoke remover per acre. When smoking, be sure to keep the shed closed for 2 days. Put the commonly used agricultural tools together in the shed and open it 2 days before planting Ventilation vents. This can kill pathogens and eggs above the ground such as walls and columns. The soil can be sprayed on the ground with 1000 times solution of 30% benzothiazide or 450 times solution of 95% oxamethicin, to kill the pathogenic bacteria on the surface of the soil. In the greenhouse with underground pests, an appropriate amount of insecticide can be applied to the holes before the vegetables are planted to prevent the damage of underground pests.
Pay attention to the ratio of base fertilizer to avoid burning the roots. In the cultivation of eggplant and fruit vegetables with a long growing period, vegetable farmers often use a large amount of chicken manure as the base fertilizer. However, most of the chicken manure applied by vegetable farmers is not completely decomposed, especially in the short winter replacement time. After fermenting and fermenting, it will produce a lot of heat and harmful gas and burn the roots of seedlings. Poorly ventilated sheds in winter can easily cause air damage and affect slow seedlings.
The author's visit found that the frequent occurrence of manure burning seedlings during winter stubble change has a lot to do with the misunderstanding of vegetable farmers. Many vegetable farmers think that the manure they use has been accumulated outside the shed since they were bought in summer. It has been piled up for several months and should have been rotten. It is not known that such manure can reach a semi-rotten state at most. It still appears after use. problem.
There are also vegetable farmers who borrow from the practice of high-temperature shacks in summer, and use a short period of shack to push manure into the shack for half a month. However, the current temperature is not higher than the temperature during the shack in June and July. It is also difficult to achieve complete rot in a shack for half a month.
It is recommended that vegetable farmers carefully observe when manure is applied at the end of winter to see if it is completely rotten. Completely rotten manure is generally darker in color, dark brown, and has a lighter odor. To be on the safe side, it is best to mix manure with a decomposing agent before entering the shed. After the manure is applied to the shed, don't rush to plant vegetables, you should water it first, then close the shed to raise the temperature. On the one hand, it can promote chicken manure to further mature, on the other hand, watering and other ground temperature increase before planting vegetables, is conducive to slow seedlings. After watering, if there is no ammonia smell in the shed and the conditions are suitable, you can plant vegetables. This is much less than the chance of air damage and seedling burning after watering after planting.
Doing a good job in soil treatment and improving the soil environment Many vegetable farmers save trouble by not plotting the whole shed, but they just row the planting rows and then plant the next stubble vegetables.
The author believes that vegetables are planted without deep turning the soil. Poor soil air permeability is not conducive to root rooting and prone to root problems. It is also not conducive to the increase of ground temperature, which results in slow seedlings after planting of vegetables. Because vegetables still grow in the original On the planting rows, the germs and eggs that accumulate in the nearby soil will become the source of infection for the next crop of vegetables, which is very hidden. Due to incomplete sheds, the chicken manure cannot be spread. Many vegetable farmers choose to apply chicken manure. Once the unrotted chicken manure is applied, it can easily cause root burning and air damage.
The author also learned that in the winter, the crops are changed and the crops are arranged closely. In addition, some shack products need to play a role in high temperature conditions, and many vegetable farmers have no plans to treat the soil. It is suggested that for sheds where soil-borne diseases or nematodes are severe, in addition to selecting low-temperature fumigants for shacks, vegetable farmers can sprinkle dixon or potassium permanganate into the sheds and turn them into the ground to prevent soil-borne diseases. Phosphine, avermectin and other highly effective and low-toxic pesticides are applied to the rhizosphere when the next vegetable is planted, and the nematodes are controlled within 2 to 3 months to protect the root system.
Freshly planted vegetables
Promote slow seedling cultivation
First, make seedlings before planting. It is recommended to put them in the shed for 2 to 3 days before planting them. For eggplant fruits and legumes, the daytime temperature in the shed can be controlled at 25-28 ° C, and the night temperature can be controlled at 14-15 ° C. For melon vegetables, the daytime temperature in the shed can be controlled at 26-30 ° C. Night temperature is controlled at 14 ~ 16 ℃. If the seedlings are not ready in the shed after being transported, the vegetable growers can transfer the seedlings to the nutrition bowl and wait for the seedlings to grow when they reach 7 to 8 leaves. After low-temperature refining seedlings, planting will slow down seedlings and grow more robustly.
Second, the temperature is increased and the seedlings are promoted after planting.
After the spring stubble vegetables are planted, due to the low ground temperature, the root system will slow down, and it is easy to form stiff seedlings, which is not conducive to the normal growth of the plant. Pay attention to less or no air to increase the temperature in the shed. In general, solanaceous vegetables can be maintained at 25-30 ° C during the day, 28-32 ° C at the melons, and 15-18 ° C at night, which can promote rooting and slow down seedlings. However, it should be noted that the time for closing the greenhouse to raise the seedlings slowly should not be too long, generally 2 to 3 days are appropriate.
Third, proper squatting to cultivate strong trees. 4 to 5 days after the vegetable seedlings are planted, when a white root system emerges from the planting hole, it indicates that the root system is growing well. At this time, squatting seedlings should be used to facilitate the cultivation of strong trees. When the shed temperature is higher than 28 ° C, the wind should be started. At first, the shed temperature is maintained at 25-28 ° C during the day, and at 15-16 ° C at night. After that, the temperature is gradually reduced, and it is maintained at 22-26 ° C during the day before flowering, and 12-14 ° C at night. The temperature difference is kept at 10 ~ 15 ℃. The winter temperature is low, the ground temperature is not high, the vegetables grow slowly, and the water demand is relatively small. Proper water control in actual production can help to suppress the growth of the plant, promote the root system to grow, and cultivate strong trees. However, many vegetable farmers control excessive water, and the watering interval is as long as 30 to 40 days, which seriously affects the normal growth of vegetables. Vegetable farmers should not blindly control water, but should determine the watering interval according to the growth of vegetables in their shed.
Fourth, scientific topdressing promotes growth. To achieve the goal of strong trees and high yield, it is important to cultivate strong roots and healthy leaves. Vegetable farmers should grasp the key points when fertilizing to promote plant nutrition balance, root and leaf protection, and healthy growth. After the vegetables are planted, fertilizers containing amino acids, chitin, alginic acid, and biological bacteria can be applied to promote rooting, slow down seedlings, and cultivate strong trees. In addition, foliar spraying of compound foliar fertilizers containing alginic acid, amino acids, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be used to achieve a virtuous cycle of promoting roots with leaves and growing leaves with roots.
Interplanting vegetables
Dipping roots for disease prevention and timely fertilization
At present, there are not a few vegetable farmers who adopt the interplanting mode of tomato interplanting tomatoes, tomato interplanting melon, tomato interplanting peppers. Interplanting, although it can bring vegetables to market in the morning, but there are some disadvantages. Vegetable farmers should focus on preventing disease and supplementing nutrients. .
First, dip the roots to prevent disease. After seedling interplanting, without deep turning and soil disinfection, a large amount of soil-borne pathogens and eggs remain in the soil, which lays a hidden danger for the occurrence of seedling diseases. Vegetable farmers are advised to dip the roots with medicaments before planting seedlings to prevent the occurrence of root diseases and promote root health. Different types of diseases have different prevention methods.
For example, to prevent soil-borne diseases such as rotten roots and dead trees, you can use dioxin such as Jin Lei, PLEXIC, enoylmorpholine, flusilazole, and rooting agents to dip the roots to prevent disease; when preventing bacterial diseases, you can Copper preparations such as DT are used for root dipping prevention; when controlling underground pests, thiamethoxam and thiazophos can be used to prevent diseases. When seedlings are planted, biological bacterial fertilizers can also be applied in holes, combined with total nutrient fertilizers, which can improve root stress resistance, promote root development, supplement nutrition, and alleviate the problem of competition between vegetables and seedlings for nutrition.
Second, timely supplement. When most interplanted vegetables are planted, the soil is not deeply turned, and no fertilizer is applied. The vegetables on the upper crops compete with the vegetables on the lower crops for nutrients and water, which is not conducive to seedling growth. In order to ensure that the soil nutrients are balanced and adequate, the base fertilizer should be replenished in time after the vegetables are cleared from the garden, and appropriate amounts of calcium, iron, zinc, boron and other trace element fertilizers should be applied. Vegetable farmers can apply fertilizer or hole fertilizer in the middle of planting rows in time, and water and paddle to improve soil permeability. When the seedlings slow down, amino acids and alginic acid fertilizers can be applied with the water to promote the seedlings to take root and slow down the speed.
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