Trimming Technology and Management
2. Time and method of shaping the winter shear and pruning. Winter pruning is the period of dormancy pruning, generally from the first year of December to the early March of the late spring. The pruning during the growth period is the pruning of the growing season, generally from the month of J to the middle of August. The pruning of young fancy piers is dominated by plastic surgery and supplemented by knots. The main trunk, main branch, primary branch and secondary branch are mainly cultivated to form a solid skeleton. After the first year of hibernation, leave 3-5 knots on each branch to cut the upper part, and cut all the remaining branches. In later management, frequent attention is paid to removing branches from the roots in a timely manner to prevent excessive delivery and affect the growth of the trunk and main branches. The main pruning task in the winter of the second year is to cultivate the main trunk, leaving 4-5 natural round heads, leaving 6-7 umbrella-like shapes, leaving 3-5 sections of each branch to cut off the upper part, and the other branches are all going In particular, the delivery of the base. The main task of the 3rd year of winter is to select and retain a first-level backbone branch, leaving 7-11 natural round-shaped heads, 12-19 umbrella-shaped ones, leaving 3-5 sections to cut off the upper part, and all remaining branches to be removed. In the 4th year of winter, two secondary backbone branches were cultivated, leaving 20-25 natural field heads and 20-30 umbrella-shaped ones, leaving 3-5 cuts to the upper part and all remaining branches removed. After 4 years of pruning, the skeleton is basically formed. After the pruning, we choose to leave enough knotted mother branches to adjust the angle and direction of the backbone branches, to distinguish the effective branches and invalid branches, and to leave weak eggs. The diameter of the base of the selected flowering mother must be 0.5 cm or more. The first branch of the most retained flowering branches 2-3, the second branch of up to 4-5, leaving the whole pier 80-120, the spacing between the mother branches 8-10 cm, leaving 2-5 knots of the mother to spend Go to the upper part and all the remaining branches are cut off. After four years, it gradually enters the period of flower production, and attention should be paid to the pruning of the growth period, and the pruning should be more than 40% more than that without pruning. Culture Technology 2 Cultivation Technology
2.1 Breeding methods There are cuttings, seeds, roots and layers. Cuttings are divided into direct cutting and cutting seedlings. Due to the large area of ​​direct planting and low survival rate, it is unfavorable for seedling management; seed propagation, labor, and seedling growth are slow; rooting and stripping are unfavorable and large-scale breeding, which takes time and labor. The above methods are not used in many ways, and now mostly rely on cutting propagation.
Soil preparation Site selection Soils with loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam and areas with convenient irrigation and water sources are used as nursery grounds. Turn over 30cm deep, level down, apply base fertilizer, and make a 1.3m wide sorghum for cutting and nursery. . Cultivated land can use scattered lands, landsides, ditches, and sporadic blocks behind houses, deep plowing, basal fertilization, sorghum or high ridge planting.
The selection of cuttings is selected from 1-2 years of robust, substantial shoots, cut 30cm or so of cuttings, and retain about 3 nodes. Remove the lower leaves, leaving the upper 2-4 leaves. Cut the lower end into a smooth bevel, tie it into a small bundle, and quickly dip the lower slope with a 500 mg/kg aqueous solution of indole butyric acid for 5-10 seconds.
Cuttage seedlings in the early spring in the entire plug, according to the line spacing 15-20cm line, every 3-5cm with a small wooden rod in the surface of the hole hit hole, and then, insert 1/2-2/3 into the hole, Press compaction, then water, take plastic film bow shed, insulation moisture. About half a month or so can take root and sprout new shoots, then can remove the bow shed for seedling management.
Spring planting seedlings can be planted in the spring or the second year of spring.
Transplantation was conducted before germination in early spring or during dormancy in autumn and winter. In the entire good planting area, 130cm spacing, 100cm spacing, 30cm to 40cm width and depth, mix sufficient amount of base fertilizer and subsoil into the hole, plant 1 seedling per hole and fill in fine soil. , practical, drenched root water.
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