How to raise chicks
The key to the success or failure of raising chickens lies in brooding. The quality of brooding directly affects the growth and development of chicks, the survival rate, the regularity of chickens, the resistance of adult chickens, the amount of eggs laid by adult chickens, and the duration of egg production peaks. , and even the economic benefits of the entire chicken industry. Therefore, it is very important to improve the feeding and management of chicks. Here we will talk about the feeding and management of chicks from the following ten points for reference by the majority of chicken farmers (farms).
1. Preparation before brooding. Before cleaning the brood, clean the brooding house thoroughly, clean the troughs, sinks and other utensils, and conduct strict disinfection. If the ground is bred and brooded, let the litter be exposed to the sunlight a week before entering the chicken. Natural disinfection. Before entering the chicks, we must preheat the brooding house in advance, especially in late autumn, winter and early spring. Be sure to start the fire three days in advance so that the walls, ground, and facilities are thoroughly heated. The temperature in the house is relatively stable and easy to control. .
2. Suitable temperature and humidity. Temperature is one of the key factors in the success or failure of brooding. Providing suitable temperature can effectively improve the survival rate of chicks. Because chick body temperature regulation function is not perfect, the chick is very sensitive to temperature, the temperature is too low, the chick is easy to tie groups, easy to squeeze and die; the temperature is too high, the chicks easily evaporate the water, resulting in dehydration of chicks, affecting the growth of chicks. The general requirements of the first week of the chicken house is 32 °C ~ 35 °C, after the weekly drop of 2 °C ~ 3 °C, the cooling rate can not be too large, down to 18 °C ~ 20 °C when the temperature. High and low humidity are not conducive to the growth and development of chicks. The humidity is generally 65% ​​to 70% for 1 to 10 days, and is maintained at 55% to 65% after 10 days of age.
3. Scientific feeding. Before the chicks start eating, they must drink water firstly. At the age of 1 to 7 days, glucose and electrolysis can be added to drinking water to facilitate the absorption of the yolk of chicks. Tap water can be consumed after 1 week of age. Water must be kept clean and water must not be cut off. Disinfect the drinker daily with potassium permanganate. Chicks are generally eaten 24 to 26 hours after hatching. The starter food can be used as feed for millet, crushed corn, etc. After 3 days of age, it is gradually changed to compound feed. Feeding times are generally 5 to 6 times a day for 1 to 45 days, and 4 to 5 times after 46 days. Every time it is not appropriate to feed too much, it is better to add less to feed and to feed 80%. When feeding, it is necessary to pay attention to changes in the consumption of feed at any time. Excessive or too little feed consumption is a precursor to the disease of the chicks.
4. A reasonable lighting system. Illumination can increase the metabolism of chickens, increase appetite, increase the content of red blood cell hemoglobin, make T-dehydrocholesterol in chicken skin convert to vitamin D3, and promote calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. Practice has proved that the duration and intensity of light, the color and wavelength of light, the start and end time of light stimulation, and whether the dark period is continuous or indirect will have an important impact on chicken activity, feeding, drinking, physical development, and sexual development. The first week usually uses 24 hours of light throughout the day and the second week 19 hours of light. Since the third week, closed houses can be used for 8 hours a day. When the light intensity is applied, every 15m2 house is suspended from a height of 2m above the ground with a 40W bulb in the first week, and a 25W lamp can be replaced in the second week.
5. Ventilation and ventilation. Chicks have a strong metabolism, the amount of fresh air required for unit weight and exhaled carbon dioxide and water vapor are large, and ammonia gas is continuously released from the chicken manure. Bad indoor environmental factors will bring stress to chickens, affect the normal activities of chickens, affect the body's growth and development, reduce the body's immune function, increase the chance of infection in the body, so that the chicken growth and development to varying degrees blocked. Therefore, the brooding room should pay special attention to ventilation. Ventilation and ventilation in the brooding room is a contradiction. An effective way to solve this problem is: in early spring, late autumn and winter, when the air is cold and there is no ventilation equipment, it can be done when the chicken eats, because the chickens are eating. Material, in the active state, when the temperature dropped 2 °C ~ 4 °C basically no hindrance to the chicken body, but to avoid facing the wind. Wait for the chickens to finish and close the window when 2/3 of the birds in the flock start or are drinking. It is forbidden to open the window for ventilation when the chicken rests. Otherwise, chickens are prone to catch cold, or they may cause respiratory illness. Ventilation and insulation are often contradictory to one another. To solve this problem of contradiction, the best way is to install a skylight on the roof or install a ventilation fan under the high window area under the eaves.
6. Breeding density. The stocking density directly affects the growth and development of the chicks, especially the uniformity of the chicks, the density is too large, the chicken has a small range of movement, the chickens are squeezed and the feeding is not uniform, so that the chicks are not evenly developed and have different sizes; the density is too small , causing a waste of chicken coops and equipment, not insulation, low economic efficiency. Generally, about 20 chicks of 1 to 7 days old per square meter area are suitable. Later, as the age increases, the number of animals is gradually reduced. Weak chicks should be reared separately so that they can gradually grow into large groups.
7. Defective. In the rearing process, chicks often suffer from spasm. Breaking the spasm is the most effective measure to prevent the spasm of chickens, and it can prevent wasted feed. It is best to use a 6 to 10 days old stubble meal, and 2 mg vitamin K should be added to the diet 3 days before and after the cut off, which will reduce the stress response. After dying, if there is bleeding chicken, it should be replenished in time until it stops bleeding. After waterlogging, it is necessary to ensure sufficient water, and to strengthen the ventilation of the house, so that the birds can fully breathe fresh air and enhance their heart and lung function.
8. Strengthen management. The breeder should constantly check the feeding and drinking conditions of the chicks and pick out the weak chicks and sick chicks by observing the chick's mental state. Every morning chicken manure should be observed. It should be grayish white with a layer of white urate on the top, which is moderately thick and curly. If feces are found to be abnormal, effective measures should be taken promptly.
9. Keep the environment quiet, do a good job of sanitation and disinfection. Chicks are very timid and very sensitive to small changes in the surrounding environment. Any disturbance from outside will cause serious frightening to the chicks, causing the chicks to crush each other and cause death. Therefore, the brooding room should pay attention to keep the environment quiet, prevent cats and dogs from entering the disturbance, and refuse to visit outsiders. Do a good job inside and outside the brooding room and sterilizer appliances sanitation and disinfection, disinfection should use two or more disinfectant cross use.
10. Formulate a sound system for prevention of epidemics and do a good job of prevention and deworming. According to the breed of chicks, the brooding season and the epidemic characteristics of the local epidemic diseases, the epidemic procedures suitable for this field will be established. It should be noted that deworming drugs and vaccines must be produced by reliable manufacturers, transported and preserved as required, and used in accordance with the instructions for use.
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