The vineyard should do five times of fertilizer and water management
Most of the diseases that occur in the vineyard are due to unreasonable fertilization and watering. Fertilization and irrigation of the vineyard should be carried out in a targeted manner according to the grape's fertilizer demand, fertilizer absorption characteristics and local soil fertility status.
The irrigation method of grapes in five periods
1. Germination period: water the grapes before they are unearthed until they shoot out. In the arid and less rainy area in spring, it is necessary to irrigate once to meet the needs of grape sprout and shoot.
2. Pre-flowering and post-flowering: irrigate each time about 10 days before and after flowering. It is combined with the application of flower fertilizer before flowering. The fertilizer is soluble in water and can be quickly absorbed by the roots. It has a significant effect on promoting the rapid growth of inflorescences, ovary and pollen, improving pollination effect and fruit setting rate.
3. Berry period: When the berries grow to the size of soybean grains, the new shoots also grow vigorously. At this time, the temperature continues to increase, the amount of water evaporation in the leaves is getting larger and larger, and nutrients and water are urgently needed. Therefore, in late June, we must combine the application of fruit fertilizer to irrigate fruit water. When there is little rain at this stage, water should be irrigated every 7-8 days to meet the needs of new shoots and berry growth.
4. Berry expansion period: insufficient water in the later stage of full-grape growth, improves the yield and quality of grapes, and promotes ear ripening.
5. Post-harvest period: After the fruit is harvested, it should be irrigated with 2 to 3 times of water before cold protection to improve the soil moisture, promote the growth and development of the root system, moisturize the branches, and prevent draining. In arid areas, the overwintering frozen water must be allowed to dry for 2 to 3 days. After the surface soil is dry, bury the soil to prevent cold, to prevent the soil moisture from being too high and causing bud eye rot.
Methods of fertilizing grapes in five periods
1. Sprouting fertilizer: It is generally applied before the grapes germinate. This time, nitrogen fertilizer (a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer is suitable) is the main purpose. The purpose is to promote neat buds, thick leaves, and large and strong inflorescences. If the trees are too prosperous and the spring is not dry, this time the fertilizer water can be saved to avoid causing new shoots to grow.
2. Swelling fat: After the grapes are set, the fruit is as big as mung bean, and it is applied when it is as big as soybean. This time, the fertilizer was mainly nitrogen, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied. It can be applied with high nitrogen compound fertilizer or ordinary three-element compound fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer such as urea can be added as appropriate. The amount of fertilizer this time should be large, which can account for about 50% of the amount of chemical fertilizer applied throughout the year.
3. Ripening fertilizer: carried out twice. 20 to 30 days before maturity, apply a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer. When the grape berries begin to soften, apply another fertilizer when the grapes have not been colored. Fertilization is very important this time. Many fruit farmers no longer apply ripening fertilizer after applying swelling fertilizer, or cause fruit color change (commonly known as water pot disease) or due to lack of fertilizer, grape resistance is poor, easy to get sick, high yield but not good harvest. Or poor coloring, low sugar content, and not a good price. It can be directly applied into functional fertilizers, and a large amount of water-soluble fertilizers will change color (high phosphorus and high potassium types are recommended, and they also contain trace elements of boron and zinc).
4. "Yuezi fertilizer": refers to the application of fertilizer once after the grape is harvested, usually applying a large amount of elemental water-soluble fertilizer (high nitrogen type) 15 kg, this time the role of the fertilizer is not only used to restore tree vigor, and promote Flower bud differentiation lays the foundation for high yield in the following year.
5. Autumn base fertilizer (overwintering fertilizer): The traditional method is to apply it during the dormant period of grapes. In recent years, it has been promoted to apply in August and September. After the grapes are harvested, they are also applied during the growth of green branches and green leaves. This is the second peak of grape root growth, which can promote the grapes to produce a large number of fibrous roots, so as to strengthen the tree, which is more conducive to overwintering. This time the fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer (if farm fertilizer is applied, please pay attention to rot), and calcium fertilizer is added at the same time, or a small amount of three elements are added.
The annual fertilizer quantity and each fertilizer quantity can be determined according to the conditions of the soil, the age of the tree, the level of yield and the quality of the fertilizer. After each fertilization, water should be poured once, the water volume is not as large as possible, too large will easily cause fertilizer water loss. After the application of the swelling fertilizer, two waters should be continuously poured, generally 5 to 7 days apart. In addition, the grapes should be watered once before overwintering. After the soil is loose, plowing once and taking anti-freezing measures.
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