Pay attention to these four points when applying vegetable fertilizer
In winter, the temperature is low, the activity of microorganisms is weakened, and the fertilizer that needs to be transformed is slow. However, the growth of winter sown crops requires sufficient fertilizer. The way to solve the conflict is to apply quick-acting fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer can choose ammonium bicarbonate; phosphate fertilizer should choose superphosphate as much as possible; potash fertilizer can choose potassium chloride (but potato, tomato and other chlorine-free crops should choose potassium sulfate in the middle and late growth period); compound fertilizer can choose 45% ternary Compound fertilizer; farmyard manure can be decomposed human waste. This is because, compared with urea, ammonium bicarbonate is an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, which can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops after being applied to the soil, unlike urea (which belongs to acylammonium nitrogen fertilizer, needs to be under the action of urease secreted by urea bacteria in the soil The ability to transform into ammonium nitrogen for root absorption) is affected by low temperature and slow fertilizer efficiency, which affects crop growth. Superphosphate contains 14%-20% of effective phosphorus pentoxide (80%-95% of which is soluble in water), which is a water-soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, and its fertilizer effect is faster than calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer. However, it should be noted that the greenhouse vegetables are not applied with ammonium bicarbonate, and instead use 45% ternary compound fertilizer to prevent ammonia damage. Phosphorus is easily absorbed and solidified by the soil and becomes invalid. When making top dressing, superphosphate leaching solution (5%-10% concentration) can be used or concentrated in the soil layer with dense roots in the early stage of the crop.
Use boron fertilizer on cruciferous crops
Among winter crops, cruciferous crops account for a larger proportion, such as cabbage, cabbage, radish, rape, etc. These crops are particularly sensitive to boron. At the same time, celery, wheat, carrots, etc. are also more sensitive to boron. Boron deficiency not only seriously affects reproductive growth, but also vegetative growth hits the wall, reduces cold resistance, and easily induces heart rot.
Application method: ①As a base fertilizer, the effect of boron fertilizer on the soil with moderate or severe boron deficiency is******; 0.5-0.75 kg of borax can be mixed with dry fine soil or organic fertilizer per acre and then applied in a trench Or hole application; or base application after mixing with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers; do not allow boron fertilizer to directly contact seeds (direct seeding) or seedlings (transplanting), so as not to affect germination, emergence, roots, and seedling growth; It is not suitable for deep turning or spreading, and the dosage should not be too large; if the application of borax per acre exceeds 2.5 kg, the emergence rate will decrease, and even dead seedlings will be reduced. ②Solution: Borax or boric acid should be used for seed soaking, usually first dissolve the borax with 40℃ hot water; then add cold water to dilute to 0.01%-0.03% borax or boric acid solution; pour the seeds into the solution and soak for 6-8 hours ; Seed-to-liquid ratio is 1:1, sowing can be done after removing and drying. ③Extra-root topdressing (foliar spraying) use 0.1%-0.25% borax or boric acid solution, spray 40-80 kg solution per mu each time; once every 6-7 days, spray 2-3 times; Spray it in the afternoon, and spray until the leaves are covered with mist; if it encounters rain within 6 hours after spraying, it should be sprayed again.
Pay attention to applying wax fertilizer before low temperature
The application of wax fertilizer can increase the ground temperature by 2℃-3℃, and increase the potassium content of crop cells, thereby increasing the water holding capacity of the cells, making the cells less prone to freezing at low temperatures and enhancing cold resistance; the application of wax fertilizer must vary depending on the crop . Rapeseed should be mixed with stable manure and phosphate fertilizer to make erosion. Approximately 1,500 kilograms of strips per acre of field should be applied to rapeseed rows to connect the soil, and be applied from late December to early January of the following year. Early-maturing rapeseed varieties have early spring growth. It should be applied earlier than late-maturing rape varieties; wheat should be applied in the middle and late December, and strong seedlings should be applied more soil fertilizers, while weak seedlings and late-maturing wheat should be mixed with appropriate amounts of phosphate fertilizer. Each acre of field shall be applied or spreading about 2500 kg of soil and manure; the application rate of wax fertilizer for perennial crops shall account for 50% of the annual fertilizer application, and the application of 5,000 kg of soil and manure and 2500 kg of pig and cattle pen manure shall be applied per acre of field. It is better to apply after frost and before snow.
Beware of nitrates in greenhouse vegetables
Accumulating a large amount of nitrate is not harmful by itself, but it is easily converted into nitrite, which can easily replace iron in human blood and cause blood poisoning. Nitrite and amines will combine to form strong carcinogens-nitrosamines, leading to the occurrence of stomach, intestine and other cancers. In winter, there are more weather with low temperature and weak light, and greenhouse vegetables are more likely to cause a large accumulation of nitrate, especially leafy vegetables and root vegetables. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be strictly controlled, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased, especially nitrate nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate should not be used.
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