The key to the production of pollution-free vegetables——Pest control and nitrogen fertilizer application
First, disease prevention and control selection of disease-resistant varieties, do a good job in seed processing, such as cucumber selection of Zhongnong 8 in the spring, Zhongnong 4, Zhongnong 7 and other varieties, in the fall selection of Zhongnong 8 Jinyou, Jinchun hanging cucumber and other varieties. Before sowing, soaking with constant temperature water at 55°C for 10-15 minutes; also soaking with 0.3 Formamide, 1% formalin or 1% dexamethasone for 10-15 minutes, rinsing after clean water and sowing. Use fertilizers rationally to improve disease resistance. In the final analysis, fattening, chasing fertilizer, and paying attention to increasing phosphorus and potash fertilizers, do not use unfertilized fertilizers. When pests and diseases are combined, 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaves of vegetables such as solanes, melons and beans to increase the disease resistance of the crops. Use chemical control. Microbial pesticides are used. Microbial pesticides that are suitable for vegetables include: BT Emulsion, 8010, and Oliver No. 1. Use as much soil pesticides as possible, such as ban, onions, ramie, Ligonchus, fish rattan, oleander, rambling, etc. Reasonable use of chemical pesticides, vegetables are strictly prohibited highly toxic and highly residual pesticides, such as 1605,1059,3911, carbofuran, methamidophos, insecticide, toxaphene, Xi Lisheng, and Saili scattered. It is safer to use the following pesticides (recommended for the Ministry of Agriculture) on vegetables: 25% dimehypo, 90% crystal trichlorfon, 40% dimethoate, 80% dichlorvos, 50% phoxim, 50% acetomethamine Phosphorus, 73% Chroma, 25% marathon, 20% extinguishes, 20% cypermethrin, 25% deltamethrin, 25% ciprofloxacin, 50% methicillin, 65% dexon, 70% Chlorothalonil, 25% Ye Ling Ling, Bole and more fluids. It is necessary to strictly control the number, concentration, and dosage of chemical pesticides on vegetables, and to ensure the safety intervals of pesticides. Second, the application of nitrogen fertilizer in vegetables, especially leafy vegetables on the prohibition of the use of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, in order to avoid the accumulation of nitrate. The use of other forms of nitrogen fertilizers should also be controlled using the amount and frequency of use, while paying attention to changes in the use of the environment. Different nitrogen fertilizers are applied due to the different types of vegetables. Such as spinach, cabbage, lettuce and so on. It is easy to accumulate a large amount of nitrates, and nitrate-N fertilizers should be absolutely prohibited. For fruits and vegetables with less nitrate accumulation, such as eggplant, green pepper, radish, and carrots, nitrate-nitrogen fertilizers should be used. In addition, the use should be stopped 30 days before harvesting. Nitrate-nitrogen fertilizers are applied properly due to different planting times. Under normal circumstances, summer vegetables and autumn vegetables grown in high temperature seasons can be used in small amounts, while nitrogen fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers are strictly prohibited for winter vegetables and spring vegetables. Appropriately mastered due to different soil types. Generally, in high-fertility soils, especially high-fertility clays or soils, nitrates are accumulated more, and no or less nitrogen fertilizers should be applied. On the other hand, low-fertility soils, especially on light functional sands, are The accumulation of nitrate is less, and in addition to the increase in the application of organic fertilizers, it is also necessary to control the application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizers. Fertilizers are dominated by organic fertilizers and base fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizer should be deeply applied to cover soil; topdressing nitrogen fertilizer should also be applied early and deep to reduce the accumulation of nitrate. At the same time, it is necessary to minimize the amount and frequency of nitrogen fertilizer application. When the leafy vegetables are fertilized with ammonium and nitrogen fertilizers, the amount of mu is not more than 30 kg, and foliar spraying of nitrogen fertilizers is strictly forbidden.
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