Summer and late corn disease and pest control
In the summer maize area, the diseases in the middle and later stages of corn mainly include large and small leaf spot, sheath blight, ear rot, head smut, dwarf mosaic disease, and stalk rot. The pests mainly include corn borer, aphid, red spider, etc. . After the corn was killed, it not only reduced the yield and quality, but also caused the plants to die prematurely. Its comprehensive prevention and control technology is as follows:
First, cut off the germ source
Diseased plants should be eradicated in time. After the corn is harvested, diseased plants, stubble leaves, and fruit failure (panicles) are timely collected for centralized burning and high-temperature fertilizer, and the intermediate host and overwintering sites for pests are destroyed. Clean the garden to make deeper turns to minimize the sources of overwintering bacteria.
Second, strengthen field management in the middle and later stages. Enhancing corn disease resistance
The middle and late stages of corn growth are the period during which it accumulates energy and seeds. It is necessary to strengthen field management, timely top-dressing, watering, cultivating, and soil cultivation in order to improve the ability of maize to resist pests and diseases.
1. During the middle and late growth stage of top-dressing corn, it is the period in which the amount of fertilizer is the most and the intensity of required fertilizer is the largest. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accounts for 50% to 55% and 52% to 60% of the total amount of corn's lifetime absorption, respectively. And 75% to 85%. Among the large bell mouths, the amount of fertilizer and absorption intensity are the greatest. The output is 400 kg of land, applying 75 kg of ammonium per acre or 25 kg of urea, which can be applied before the big bell-mouth period. Above 700kg, 150kg of ammonium per acre or 50kg of urea should be applied in 3 separate applications. Do not apply on the surface and apply 5cm to the root and 8cm deep to increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers. At the same time, it is necessary to combine irrigation to increase fertilizer efficiency.
2. During the irrigated corn ear (from jointing to booting), the water consumption accounts for 30% to 35% of the total water consumption, and the water intensity in the tasselling period is the highest. If the precipitation is insufficient at this time, it is necessary to timely irrigation. In this period, one or two irrigations can greatly increase the corn production, otherwise, it will cause a reduction in production, or even an imperfection.
3. Open the "three ditch", rational close planting, strengthen the cultivator, and cultivate the soil first to open the "three ditch" in the field, so as to facilitate irrigation and drainage of corn in each growth period; reasonably close planting to improve the growth environment of corn; strengthen cultivator, improve soil permeability and fertilizer Supply conditions, promote root development, remove weeds; soil, conducive to aerial root development, can effectively prevent lodging.
Third, chemical control
1. Large- and small-spotted disease Maize large-spotted and small-spot disease mainly damage the leaves, and sometimes invade the leaf sheath and temporal lobe. In addition to damaging the above-mentioned sites, small spot disease can also damage the ear. In many areas, these two diseases are often referred to as "corn spot." Use 50% carbendazim or 50% tumefax or 70% thiophanate 500 times spray, spray every 5 to 7 days, and spray 2 to 3 times, can effectively control the development of the disease.
2. Rhizoctonia solani occurs mainly in the late growth period of corn, from grain formation to grain filling. The disease mainly damages the sheath, ear and stem of corn. In the early stage of disease, use 5% Jinggangmycin 100-150ml/mu, or 20% wettable powder 20g, or Hefei 120 water agent 150-200ml, or 25% Triadimefon 50g, or 20% bleb net Wet powder 25g, water 50 ~ 60kg, evenly spray on the site of the disease. If there is no such agent, it can be evenly sprayed with 50% thiophanate-methyl powder or 50~/6 carbendazim wettable powder 500 to 800 times. The general interval of 7 to 10 days and then medication control 1, even spray 2 times, in order to improve the control effect of the drug. In addition to the above prevention methods. When the corn is big bell mouth period (heart leaf stage), 5% Jinggangmycin wettable powder 200g per acre, mixed with sterile fine soil 20 ~ 25kg, applied in the heart leaves, not only the control effect of sheath blight And it also treats corn ear rot. If mixed fungicides (such as rice blast net) and insecticides (such as dichlorvos and carrageenan, etc.) are mixed in the medicinal soil, a variety of pests can be combined and smelted to achieve more.
3. Ear rot ear rot occurs mainly on the ear and on the grain, and the top or middle part of the affected ear discolors and appears pink, blue-green, dark gray, or dark brown, yellow-brown mildew. Chemical control measures: 50% carbendazim WP or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times spray at the heading stage. Focus on spraying the ear and the lower stems and leaves, spraying again every 7 days. In addition, 50% carbendazim WP may be inoculated 1 hour before sowing for 24 hours. After soaking, rinse with water to sow.
4. Silk black earache The disease mainly damages the tassels (smallpox) and the ears (ears) of the corn, and once the disease usually occurs, the whole plant has no yield. Pharmacy treatment measures: First, seed dressing. Can choose 2% Rikenxi wet seed dressing agent 30g or 2% speed Baoli WP 20 ~ 25g seed dressing lOkg, the disease can be increased in areas with appropriate dose. You can also use 20% carbofuro-Fu Mei mixture cream or carbendazim Fu Mei double Carbotec mixture cream, according to seed dressing 1:40 to 50 ratio. Mixing must be uniform when dressing, ensure the control effect. The second is to use 50% thiophanate-methyl powder, 50% carbendazim WP powder cover species, that is, with 50kg fine soil mixed powder 50g, seeding medicine soil per hole around lOOg covered on the seed.
5. Stalk rot, also known as stem rot or bacterial wilt, generally begins in the corn filling period. The late milk ripening to the wax ripening period is the peak period and often occurs after a storm. Chemicals prevention and control measures: In severely affected areas, 25% Ye Kuoling or 20/6 Ye Huojing wettable powder, 25% Draxy Mildew WP or 5% Drexy Manganese Zinc Wet Powder 600x Foliar spraying; seed dressing with seed weight of 4% to 5% before sowing.
6. Corn glutinous maize, also known as corn borer, is a polyphagous pest with up to 200 host plants, but the main crops are corn, sorghum, and millet. The main damage to corn is that the larvae intrude into the main stem or ear of the corn, causing the corn stem to break, resulting in inadequate nutrient supply to the corn and poor pollination, resulting in reduced yield and quality of the corn. Pharmacy control measures: prevention and treatment of heart leaf stage, the main use of sprinkler granules prevention and control methods, commonly used agents are 50% of the 1605, 200g per mu agent, right amount of water, mixed with ash 10kg, ash size should be uniform, mixed medicine After not being too dry or too wet, it is scattered into the heart of the leaf. Or use 3% methylisothiphos microgranules to spread, generally not more than 1kg per acre, and should be spread in sunny and dry dew. Prevention at the ear stage, when the panicle rate reaches 10% in the panicle stage or when 50 insects from the larvae of the panicle flower are to be controlled immediately, the agent may use 50~/6 killer singly soluble powder lOOg to fill the leaves with water, or 0.1% Kungfu granules 0.16 g per plant. Can also be sprayed with 5.7% chrysanthemum EC 4000 times, or 40% synergistic speed to kill D or 5% Lactose EC 2000 times. In addition available microbial pesticides Bacillus, 7216, Beauveria bassiana. There are two ways of application: one is filling the leaves with 1 g of 1kg of water containing 1Og of spores per gram of water, and 1 000 to 2 000 kg of water. Another way is to formulate the bacterium or granules. The bacterium usually uses lkg acaricillus plus fine soil or ash 100～3 000g. The granules are generally formulated to be about 20 times (mixture of 1kg white fungus powder and 20kg slag particles), and about 2g per plant.
7. Aphid corn borers are more and more concentrated in flag leaves and leaf sheaths during corn booting stage. While sucking corn sap, the locusts excreted a large amount of dew, and covered the dense foliage on the leaf surface to affect photosynthesis, which could easily cause fungal parasitism. The damaged plants grow weak, stunted and the yield declines. The peak period of corn borer damage is in the booting stage of corn, and spraying control is difficult. When the average pupa volume per 10 corns is more than 500, chemical control should be carried out. The agent can be selected from 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times, or 20% Kangfudu concentrated solvent 8 000 times, or 70% ramiro dispersant 20 000～2 5000 times, 0.36% green Planted matrine aqueous solution 500 times, or 10% beta-cypermethrin 2 000 times, 2.5% cyhalothrin 2 500 times, or 500/04X Conway WP 2000 times, and 40% for aphids Omethoate EC 1 000-1 500 times spray.
8. The red spider corn spider mite belongs to the cricket species, also known as dragon, fire spider, red sand and so on. After maize emerged in May, corn spider mites damaged by weeds were gradually transferred to the cornfield. In the middle and late June, it will enter the high season of Miaomiao, and in July and August, it will be the stage of damage. First, it will occur in the corn field. In case of suitable climatic conditions, it will quickly spread throughout the whole field and even cause damage. Chemical control measures: spray, focusing on the lower middle leaves. Can choose 0.2% Awei Qing Qing cream oil 2 500 times liquid, 15% broom net 3 000 times liquid, 20% sweep Lee EC 2 000 times, 40% omethoate 1 000 ~ 1 500 times liquid, 1 8% of Chih-Zi-Ke-Ke EC 3Ox, or 15%-Broom-Hybrid and 40%-Dimethoate in 1:1 ratio can also be used 20% Suspension of Net Sanitizer 3 000-fold plus 20% A mixture of 2,000 grams of EC Cream. Fumigation, with 1 ~ 1.5kg per acre phorate granules or formazan EC mixed with appropriate amount of fine sand interspersed evenly in the corn line.
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