Shangri-La County, Yunnan Province: Cultivation Techniques of Holly Sorghum
Shangri-La County, Jinsha River valley area is located at the end of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on the east coast of the Jinsha River, the altitude of 1850-2000 meters, the average annual temperature of 13.5 degrees Celsius, the extreme maximum temperature of 32 degrees Celsius, the extreme minimum temperature of -5.8 degrees Celsius, the annual rainfall of 870 mm, the winter is not cold Summer is no heat. Has a typical subtropical valley climate. The valley of the river valley is fertile and has good drainage and irrigation conditions. It is the best cultivation area for winter barley. After several years of trials and demonstrations, the highest yield per area of ​​winter ash in the region can reach more than 600 kilograms, and the average output can reach more than 400 kilograms.
In 2010, the demonstration and implementation of standardized production techniques for Qingye Township, Shangri-La County, Shangri-La County was conducted in an area of ​​3,000 mu. The area was distributed in the center piece and wooden bendable piece of Mugao Village in Shangjiang Township; in Groups 5, 7, 8, and 9 of Liangmei Village; in Fuku Village One, two, three, four, Chunyi group; one, two, seaside group of Grand Village; twenty-two villager groups such as volcanoes in Shiwang Village, Zhongcun Group and Machang Group. According to the characteristics of production of holly wolfberry in our township over the years, we have specifically formulated the demonstration measures for the cultivation of standardized production techniques for green oysters in 2010 as follows.
I. Model Variety Selection and Seed Preparation According to the demonstration objectives of the standardization production technology of Qingye in 2010, the model varieties are uniformly used and superior to the local cultivation and market demand. They are more resistant to lodging, high-quality, high-yield, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, and easy processing. Varieties: Qinghai Yellow and Dongwang Purple Indigo Two varieties, with the support of Diqing Fertilizer Station, in 2009, 20,000 kilograms of excellent seeds were prepared as demonstration species.
Second, seed treatment : two days before sowing, the seeds are cleaned, insects, diseases, grains and impurities are removed and dried for one day so that the seeds are fully dried. The day before sowing, 15% triadimefon is used according to the ratio of 0.2:100. Triadimefon is dissolved in a small amount of water and then used as a seed dressing.
Third, prepare before sowing
1. Land selection: According to the characteristics of glaucous glaucous pods that are easy to lodging and intolerant to high-fertilizer water in the area, each area should select lands with good irrigation and drainage conditions, medium soil fertility, and medium-upper cropland as barley production sites. And relatively concentrated on the film. Former rice and corn can be.
2. Site preparation and application of farmyard manure According to the characteristics of the region's production, cultivate soil in early November in conjunction with the soil moisture content and use high-quality farmyard fertilizer 1000-1500 kg/mu (previously applied less for corn and more for previous rice production). Plowing depth 20-25 cm. One day before sowing, it was fine and smooth.
3, timely sowing, formula fertilization (1) determine the sowing season: According to this year, the situation of drought-prone soil, this year, my hometown holly pods should be robbed in early November sowing, and should not be late.
(2) Formula fertilization: Apply the experimental data and soil test data of the indigo in the Jinsha River Valley. The principle of fertilization is to use farmyard manure as the main supplement and chemical fertilizer as the supplement. Combining the drill sowing at the end of each acre with a formula of 7:8:10 15 kg + 1 kg of borax + 1 kg of zinc sulfate as the base fertilizer.
4. Seeding (1) Seeding rate: Two varieties of Qinghai Huang and Dongwang Purple Barley under the 500 kg output target in the region require 1-30000 seedlings for the basic seedlings, and the amount of the field for the previous rice crop is 9 kg/mu; The previous crop as corn was sown at 6.5 kg/mu.
(2) Standardized planting: The contiguous demonstration area requires drilling, and the sporadic blocks can be post-harvested, 2.5-3 meters wide open, 6-inch wide, 6-inch row spacing, and 2-inch cover type. The key link: fertilization, sowing should be uniform, sowing seeds to cover the depth of one to reach the emergence of a neat, once full seedlings.
V. Field Management
1. Weeding: The local small spring wheat (green barley) field weeds include the most single and dicotyledon weeds in the spring field, such as ash agar, wild oats, curb blue vegetables, amaranth, wilting and so on. Variety of strong growth. Weeding should be a good two links: closing before seedling and seedling stems and leaves after sowing. According to the land and weed species groups, the following herbicide varieties can be selected: superstar, wheat field once net, green mellon, chlorsulfuron and so on. After sowing, the soil closed before seedling use a net of 15-16g/mu for wheat field and 300g/mu for green rylolonium; post-emergence stem and leaf treatment: when the barley leaves are in one heart, the weeds are basically used together. Superstar 1.5g/mu, wheat field once net 10-15g/mu evenly spray, post-emergence stem and leaf treatment weeding should combine irrigation, topdressing. The general control effect can reach more than 90%.
2. Irrigation: In the whole growth period of the winter barley field in the Jinsha River Valley, irrigation should be performed five times. From the middle of December to the end of December, the weather and soil moisture are generally once a month.
3. Top-dressing: depending on the seedling situation, the first irrigation is used to recover urea 5-10 kg/mu as the tiller fertilizer, no fertilizer is allocated, and 5-10 kg/mu of formula fertilizer is applied as the panicle fertilizer after the flowering period. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 g/mu was used as top dressing.
The principle of fertilization is based on farmyard fertilizers, with heavy bottoms chasing lightly, and two top-heavy weights light in the middle.
4, to prevent lodging: holly plant high pole soft, easy lodging. While promoting the group, it is necessary to strictly control the medium-term fertilizer and water, spraying paclobutrazol 50-100g + Jianjin 20g/mu rod.
5. Prevention of Diseases and Insect Pests Diseases of barley in the region include: streak disease, rust, powdery mildew, head smut, etc., among which heavier diseases are streak disease and rust. The occurrence of streak disease is related to the occurrence of severe drought spider mite. The main hazards of holm aphids are red spider, ground tiger and aphid.
Agricultural control: In addition to the occurrence of diseases and pests of clams, the degree of damage is closely related to the structure of the population and the supply of fertilizer and water. Therefore, the principle of comprehensive prevention and control and supplemented by chemical prevention should be adhered to in prevention. Through the management of fertilizers and waters to improve the structure of the population, winter and spring will prevent excessive drought and cause the occurrence of spider mites. At the same time pay attention to shallow water irrigation to avoid water stains.
Chemical control: In the winter and spring, the use of omethoate, hydrochlorofluorothrin, and konjac to control red spiders, and control the streak disease with thiophanate-methyl 50 g + triadimefon 50 g/mu at the heading stage. After heading, the locusts were controlled with high-efficiency chlorohydromethrin.
Sixth, the harvest is done in nine yellow and ten. Choose sunny days harvested by threshing after harvesting and harvesting in a timely manner.
In 2010, the demonstration and implementation of standardized production techniques for Qingye Township, Shangri-La County, Shangri-La County was conducted in an area of ​​3,000 mu. The area was distributed in the center piece and wooden bendable piece of Mugao Village in Shangjiang Township; in Groups 5, 7, 8, and 9 of Liangmei Village; in Fuku Village One, two, three, four, Chunyi group; one, two, seaside group of Grand Village; twenty-two villager groups such as volcanoes in Shiwang Village, Zhongcun Group and Machang Group. According to the characteristics of production of holly wolfberry in our township over the years, we have specifically formulated the demonstration measures for the cultivation of standardized production techniques for green oysters in 2010 as follows.
I. Model Variety Selection and Seed Preparation According to the demonstration objectives of the standardization production technology of Qingye in 2010, the model varieties are uniformly used and superior to the local cultivation and market demand. They are more resistant to lodging, high-quality, high-yield, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, and easy processing. Varieties: Qinghai Yellow and Dongwang Purple Indigo Two varieties, with the support of Diqing Fertilizer Station, in 2009, 20,000 kilograms of excellent seeds were prepared as demonstration species.
Second, seed treatment : two days before sowing, the seeds are cleaned, insects, diseases, grains and impurities are removed and dried for one day so that the seeds are fully dried. The day before sowing, 15% triadimefon is used according to the ratio of 0.2:100. Triadimefon is dissolved in a small amount of water and then used as a seed dressing.
Third, prepare before sowing
1. Land selection: According to the characteristics of glaucous glaucous pods that are easy to lodging and intolerant to high-fertilizer water in the area, each area should select lands with good irrigation and drainage conditions, medium soil fertility, and medium-upper cropland as barley production sites. And relatively concentrated on the film. Former rice and corn can be.
2. Site preparation and application of farmyard manure According to the characteristics of the region's production, cultivate soil in early November in conjunction with the soil moisture content and use high-quality farmyard fertilizer 1000-1500 kg/mu (previously applied less for corn and more for previous rice production). Plowing depth 20-25 cm. One day before sowing, it was fine and smooth.
3, timely sowing, formula fertilization (1) determine the sowing season: According to this year, the situation of drought-prone soil, this year, my hometown holly pods should be robbed in early November sowing, and should not be late.
(2) Formula fertilization: Apply the experimental data and soil test data of the indigo in the Jinsha River Valley. The principle of fertilization is to use farmyard manure as the main supplement and chemical fertilizer as the supplement. Combining the drill sowing at the end of each acre with a formula of 7:8:10 15 kg + 1 kg of borax + 1 kg of zinc sulfate as the base fertilizer.
4. Seeding (1) Seeding rate: Two varieties of Qinghai Huang and Dongwang Purple Barley under the 500 kg output target in the region require 1-30000 seedlings for the basic seedlings, and the amount of the field for the previous rice crop is 9 kg/mu; The previous crop as corn was sown at 6.5 kg/mu.
(2) Standardized planting: The contiguous demonstration area requires drilling, and the sporadic blocks can be post-harvested, 2.5-3 meters wide open, 6-inch wide, 6-inch row spacing, and 2-inch cover type. The key link: fertilization, sowing should be uniform, sowing seeds to cover the depth of one to reach the emergence of a neat, once full seedlings.
V. Field Management
1. Weeding: The local small spring wheat (green barley) field weeds include the most single and dicotyledon weeds in the spring field, such as ash agar, wild oats, curb blue vegetables, amaranth, wilting and so on. Variety of strong growth. Weeding should be a good two links: closing before seedling and seedling stems and leaves after sowing. According to the land and weed species groups, the following herbicide varieties can be selected: superstar, wheat field once net, green mellon, chlorsulfuron and so on. After sowing, the soil closed before seedling use a net of 15-16g/mu for wheat field and 300g/mu for green rylolonium; post-emergence stem and leaf treatment: when the barley leaves are in one heart, the weeds are basically used together. Superstar 1.5g/mu, wheat field once net 10-15g/mu evenly spray, post-emergence stem and leaf treatment weeding should combine irrigation, topdressing. The general control effect can reach more than 90%.
2. Irrigation: In the whole growth period of the winter barley field in the Jinsha River Valley, irrigation should be performed five times. From the middle of December to the end of December, the weather and soil moisture are generally once a month.
3. Top-dressing: depending on the seedling situation, the first irrigation is used to recover urea 5-10 kg/mu as the tiller fertilizer, no fertilizer is allocated, and 5-10 kg/mu of formula fertilizer is applied as the panicle fertilizer after the flowering period. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 g/mu was used as top dressing.
The principle of fertilization is based on farmyard fertilizers, with heavy bottoms chasing lightly, and two top-heavy weights light in the middle.
4, to prevent lodging: holly plant high pole soft, easy lodging. While promoting the group, it is necessary to strictly control the medium-term fertilizer and water, spraying paclobutrazol 50-100g + Jianjin 20g/mu rod.
5. Prevention of Diseases and Insect Pests Diseases of barley in the region include: streak disease, rust, powdery mildew, head smut, etc., among which heavier diseases are streak disease and rust. The occurrence of streak disease is related to the occurrence of severe drought spider mite. The main hazards of holm aphids are red spider, ground tiger and aphid.
Agricultural control: In addition to the occurrence of diseases and pests of clams, the degree of damage is closely related to the structure of the population and the supply of fertilizer and water. Therefore, the principle of comprehensive prevention and control and supplemented by chemical prevention should be adhered to in prevention. Through the management of fertilizers and waters to improve the structure of the population, winter and spring will prevent excessive drought and cause the occurrence of spider mites. At the same time pay attention to shallow water irrigation to avoid water stains.
Chemical control: In the winter and spring, the use of omethoate, hydrochlorofluorothrin, and konjac to control red spiders, and control the streak disease with thiophanate-methyl 50 g + triadimefon 50 g/mu at the heading stage. After heading, the locusts were controlled with high-efficiency chlorohydromethrin.
Sixth, the harvest is done in nine yellow and ten. Choose sunny days harvested by threshing after harvesting and harvesting in a timely manner.
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