Reasons for the occurrence of paddy rice and its control measures
Rice satiation, or rice blight, is a common physiological disease in rice production. After sitting on the rice, the impact on yield is very large. Generally, it can cause a 10% to 20% reduction in production, and a serious reduction in production by more than 50%. According to the survey, an area of ​​about 40,000 mu per year occurred in our district, accounting for about 10% of the rice planting area. Since late April of this year, there have been continuous rains and rains, an increase in the number of rainy days, severe lighting shortages, and low temperatures, and anomalous conditions. In addition, some rice fields have been mismanaged, and rice satiation has been more serious than usual. Causes of satiety caused by rice are more complex and often result from the interaction of various factors, and prevention and treatment after the onset are slow. However, prevention and production are obviously not the same. In order to provide farmers and friends with technical assistance in prevention and control, I will introduce the types, symptoms, and prevention measures of paddy rice as follows.
First, sit type and symptoms
The growth status of rice seedlings after transplanting is not normal, which shows that the rice plants are clustered and the leaf blade shrinks and becomes smaller. The color of the leaves is normal, some appear auburn spots or reddish red. Growth stagnation, rare occurrences of childbirth, impeded root growth, etc., are commonly referred to as sitting down, and some people also call it "underarm."
Rice sitting can be roughly divided into the following categories:
1. Cold damage mostly occurs in muddy fields, deep foot fields, cold soaking fields, and back shade fields. This type of field is flooded for a long time and the temperature of mud is low. When encountering continuous low temperature and low temperature, the occurrence of seedlings is further exacerbated. . Symptoms are delayed greening after planting, delayed leaf delivery, no new roots, roots that are aged and soft, brown or black, yellow leaves, and many brown tips and leaves Tip dry.
2. The lack of a certain type of nutrient causes the physiological metabolism of the seedling to be impeded, mainly due to lack of phosphorus, potassium and zinc. Symptoms: 1 Paddy rice field lacking phosphorus, early growth of seedlings in returning green tiller, slow growth, no delay in planting, plant dwarf, dark green new leaves, old leaves gray purple leaves upright and stem angle is small, sheath long leaves, roots are weak , soft cotton, inelastic, few branches, root black brown, axillary clusters, dark brown leaves, young seedlings less roots, weak roots; 2 potassium-deficient rice fields, one month after planting peak, diseased tip Russet spots appear, and from the old leaves to the new leaves, the formation of russets or strips, some varieties of red and brown leaves, do not produce any spots, the whole plant turns dark red, only a few leaves pale green, not long new roots, Easy to black and even rot, lack of potassium and cold injury often occur, the formation of sitting worms, usually referred to as physiological bianomah; 3 zinc-deficient fields, seedlings returned to green, it began to occur, the general peak incidence after 20 days of planting, performance The tip of the blade is dry and brown rust occurs in the middle of the blade, and then rust occurs gradually from the bottom to the top of the blade, gradually expanding and aging the blade.
3. The poisonous type is mainly caused by the poisonous roots of reducing materials in the soil, and it often occurs in deep-mud foot-fields flooded with water for a long time, and there is a large fertility field with poor soil permeability such as rushing fields, muddy fields, and houses behind houses. This type of field contains a large amount of unrefined organic fertilizer. Because of the decomposition of organic matter or low paddy fields and waterlogging, large amounts of reducing substances are accumulated in the soil. Toxic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, organic acids, divalent iron, methane, etc. Root respiratory and nutrient absorption. Symptoms mainly manifested as blackening of the roots.
In addition, due to improper cultivation measures may also cause rice to sit, such as deep-water planting hoe, deep-water irrigation, planting seedlings planted too deep, planting thin and weak maggots.
Different types of rice dumplings have different symptoms and causes of formation. However, cold, poisonous, and nutrient-deficient sit-ins often interact and cause problems. For example, low temperature and poisoning not only weakened the resilience and root activity of the seedlings, but also affected the activation of soil nutrients and the absorption of roots, which in turn led to plant nutrient deficiency.
Second, prevention and control measures
Prevention and control measures should be taken based on the appropriate conditions, prevention, and comprehensive prevention and control.
(a) Preventive measures. On the basis of nurturing the strong and the strong, we should focus on improving the growth environment of the seedlings for the rice paddy field, muddy fields and cold-water immersed fields where rice pods are prone to occur. Shallow water plants and shallow plantings should be used to pay attention to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microbes. The proportion of fat.
1. Preventing potassium deficiency and zinc deficiency causes rice to sit down. When applying base fertilizer, pay attention to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc fertilizers, and increase 7.5 kg of potassium chloride and 1.5-2 kg of zinc sulfate.
2. Prevent rice poisoning caused by root poisoning. For the muddy fields, cold-sweeping fields, etc., 50 kg of plant ash and 15-20 kg of lime can be planted before the planting, in order to neutralize harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and organic acids, increase the mud temperature, and improve the root growth environment of the seedlings.
3, shallow water transplanting. In order to achieve alive in the water, shallow water promotes phlegm. Deep water, deep penetration, and low mud temperature affect the absorption of nutrients by seedlings. Therefore, shallow water must be planted to enhance light, increase water temperature and mud temperature, accelerate fertilizer decomposition, in order to increase the absorption and utilization of roots, and promote the robust growth of seedlings.
(b) Control measures. 10-15 days after rice is planted, young seedlings are difficult to return to green, new leaves are few or no new leaves, no tillers, roots are brown, dark brown, white roots are less or no white roots, seedlings are short and thin, and the leaves are chlorotic and have rust spots. It is a disease of brackish blight and should be controlled immediately. Take appropriate remedial measures to promote the early emergence of seedlings and reduce the harm. First, field surveys should be conducted to find the main cause of the disease. For deep-rooted muddy fields, cold-sweeping fields, and large-scale fertilizer fields, it is necessary to immediately drain the water and properly lighten the field to facilitate waterlogging, reduce groundwater level, improve soil permeability, increase mud temperature, eliminate poisons, and reduce poisoning. At the same time, black and white ash (grasswood ash: lime = 1:0.4) should be used to neutralize toxins such as organic acids.
The shortage of fertilizers should be supplemented in a timely manner to the shortage of blocks. Such as lack of zinc fields to make up the application of zinc fertilizer, mu using 1-1.5 kg of zinc sulfate, or 0.5 kg of water sprayed with 75 kg of foliar spray. In addition, foliar spraying with auxin and trace elements was applied 1-2 times, and the seedlings returned to normal after 5-7 days.
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