Qingming Guyu April Pear Tree Management Points

Qingminggu rain April days, the new pear interplanting time, pollination and fruiting early preparation, prevention and treatment of pests tightly connected.

In the 13 days of continuous rainy weather in March this year, the total rainfall reached 163.4 millimeters, setting the maximum value of precipitation in Shanghai in the first half of March for meteorological records. The flowering period of all varieties of pear trees was delayed by about one week compared with that of last year. In addition to the “fresh fragrance”, “Xinya”, and other early flowering varieties that entered Shenghua on March 27, the rest of the main cultivated varieties in the suburbs of Shanghai are “early fresh water”. The flowering period of Cuiguan, Yuanhuang, Fengshui and Huanghua is around April 2. The other flowering days of Yuxingshui, Aigan water and Chrysanthemum water are relatively late. It is estimated that About April 8 will enter Shenghua. The first step is to carry out the sparse flowering work, from the flower bud separation stage to the flowering stage, the sooner the better, the general sparse flowering principle in the weak branches and less leaves, the principle of stabilizing the branches to keep the inflorescence evenly distributed in the whole tree.

In view of the weather, many pear varieties may have different flowering periods; or the original pear variety should be artificially pollinated to increase the fruit setting rate. Under normal circumstances, artificial pollination can increase fruit size, improve fruit shape, and improve quality.

Pollen pollinated by artificial pollen can be purchased or collected by specialized institutions that produce pollen. Pollen collection usually takes about 5% of the initial flowering period. Pear buds that have not yet been fully opened are picked up. Peeled petals are removed. The buds are picked up with a sieve and the anthers and filaments are wiped off onto the paper. The petals are removed and the anthers are removed. Thinly spread on the paper, in the air-conditioned room to control the drying at about 25 degrees, usually 24-36 hours after the anther crack, a hand full of yellow powder can be used to spare. From 9 o'clock to 16 o'clock in sunny weather, the pollination temperature is good at 15-25 degrees. Generally use point method, the pollen and filler (red pine nuts powder, talcum powder, etc., can be purchased from the pharmacy) prepared by 1:1-5. Take a bicycle with a small hose, cut 2cm into the toothpick made of pollination rods. After the tree that needs to be pollinated is full, use a pollinator to pick the pollen point on the stigma in the middle of the flower. Each flower point can be 1-2 (usually 3-4 flowers). Each person can pollinate 6000-10000 flowers per day, about 5 grams of pollen per acre.

In the middle or late April, the most important management task for tree production is fruit thinning, and timely fruit thinning can save a lot of nutrients, which is a prerequisite for obtaining large fruit and high-quality fruit. Specifically:

The size of fruit thinning is already apparent in young fruit, and can be carried out 15-20 days after flowering. This year, most varieties of fruit thinning are from April 15 onwards and generally must be completed in about 30 days. Can be divided into two completions, the first rough, faster, generally only one of the best results for each inflorescence, but a short fruit branch with 2-3 inflorescences to be treated as an inflorescence. If the whole tree results in multiple and balanced, then the distance between fruit and fruit can be controlled at about 10cm. If the results are not balanced, an inflorescence can also leave 2 results. The second sparse fruit is called sparse, also known as setting fruit. Generally from the 5th of May onwards, when fruit thinning should be carefully, we must eliminate pests and diseases, malformed fruit, no leaf under the inflorescence, slender branches and fruit, affected by tea wings and pods. There are dark green patches on the pericarp. After that, the department is not so long. When the fruit grows, it becomes a depressed dead block. The second fruit removal task will also determine the amount of fruit left. If the branches of the whole tree are balanced, small fruit varieties (such as early fresh water, longevity, new century), the distance between fruit and fruit is 15-20cm, and the leaf-fruit ratio is controlled at 25:1. Large fruit type (such as crest, fragrance, yellow), the distance between fruit and fruit to reach 20-25cm, leaf-fruit ratio to reach more than 30:1.

After flowering in April, we must pay attention to the prevention of pear rust, aphids, and pear hibiscus. Pear rust prevention and control After most varieties fall, use 15% triadimefon 1500 times (about 30 pounds of water per barrel plus 10 grams of pesticide), once every 10 days, 2 or 3 times in succession, grasping good weather control. Aphids and pear hibiscus can be treated with 1.2% bitter tar cream for 1,000 times (about 30 pounds of water plus 15 grams of pesticide per barrel) alternately every 15 days.

Due to continuous rain in mid-March, some large-scale tree transplants in newly-built orchards have been delayed until late March. Some varieties have bloomed and will affect the normal growth of pear trees. Therefore, management must be strengthened to provide fine tubes, fine tubes, and supporting tubes. Special management. The specific requirements are as follows: After planting, cover the rhizosphere with a square membrane or so, prevent water evaporation, increase ground temperature, and accelerate root growth to ensure survival. All buds on the tree should be removed and their fruit should not be allowed. At the same time, in order to avoid the occurrence of dry rot in the summer caused by the death of pear trees, after planting the backbone of the saw cut with lime sulfur coated. Also pay attention to water management, there are accumulated water to be discharged in a timely manner, encounter five - seven high temperature and fine weather in the morning before eight o'clock to be irrigated. A small amount of human and animal excreta can be applied when the leaves of a pear tree are pulled out. The first year must not be applied to fertilizer.

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