Premature cultivation techniques of watermelon covered with multi-films
One, greenhouses with multi-film coverage
The greenhouse is protected by a multi-layered membrane to protect the planted land. According to the number of film layers covered, it can be divided into three films, four films and five film coverings.
The three membranes are covered: mulch, small arch film and outer greenhouse film, or mulch film, second film (curtain) and outer film.
Four membranes cover: mulch, small arch, two membranes (curtain) and outer greenhouse membrane.
Five film coverage: mulch film, 2 m wide arch film, 3 m wide arch film, two films (curtain) and outer film.
Second, nursery
1. Variety selection. Choose low temperature, low light, early maturing, high quality scion and grafting affinity, good symbiotic rootstock varieties.
2. Nursery time. Three films covered the cultivation in early January, four membranes covered the nursery in late December of last year, five membranes covered the nursery in mid-December of last year, and the seedling age was 45-55 days.
Three, soil fertigation
Before winter, deep-rooting sunburn, Mushi decomposed chicken manure 2 to 3 cubic meters, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, 1 kg of borax as a base fertilizer. According to the row spacing ditch, the groove width of 60 to 70 cm, ditch depth of 30 to 35 cm, fertilization ditch ditch, high ridge cultivation, ridge width 50 to 60 cm, ridge height 10 to 15 cm.
Fourth, multi-film covering technology
1. Buckle outer film. Before freezing, the temperature of the external membrane of the greenhouse is deducted. The greenhouse membrane requires light transmission and good dripability, and the membrane thickness is 0.06-0.08 mm. When detaining the greenhouse membrane, two 2m wide membranes are placed on the east and west sides of the shed, respectively, the lower part is pressed tightly, the north and the south are tightened, and 1 to 2 pieces of membranes 6 to 10 meters wide are placed upwards to close the top. Two films overlap about 30 centimeters. The upper film presses both sides of the film to form 2 to 3 vents.
2. Cover the two membranes (screen). Before the end of January (early February and early February) cover the two membranes (screen), it is appropriate to use a thin film 0.02 mm thick. The two membranes (screen) are separated from the greenhouse membrane by 15 to 20 cm. Horizontally, they are supported by bamboo rafts, iron wires, or plastic ropes. The membrane is stretched in the longitudinal direction and the membrane is stretched according to the direction of the shed (1 row for each row of columns, no column Available 2 pieces), 2 pieces of film sandwiched by plastic clips.
3. Button small arch film. Within the shed can be deducted 1 to 2 small arches, film thickness 0.04 mm. The inner layer is made of 2 meters long bamboo poles or steel arches, and the outer layer is made of 3 meters long bamboo poles or steel arches to form a small shed with two layers inside and outside, covering the film after planting.
4. Cover the mulch. After covering the mulch, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the row spacing. At this time, the mulch only covered the surface of the mullion, and the excess film was rolled up on both sides for use.
V. Colonization
1. Planting time. When the greenhouse temperature 12 °C, 10 centimeters above 10 °C when the temperature is planted. The three membranes were generally covered in early March, covered by four membranes at the end of February, and covered by five membranes in mid-February.
2. Planting density. According to the characteristics of varieties, planting density should be reasonably arranged. The planting density is 700-800 mu, spacing is 3 meters, and the spacing is about 0.3 meters.
3. Planting methods. Watering seedlings or drip irrigation with micro-film under the film, timely covering the small arch shed.
Sixth, management after planting
1. Temperature. After 5 to 7 days after planting, the boring house was warmed to promote mild seedlings and the temperature was over 38°C. The heart leaves turn green, and when the growth begins, the seedlings end and enter the normal management. The temperature in the shed is maintained at 25°C to 30°C during the day and 15°C to 18°C ​​during the night. During the day, it exceeds 35°C through the greenhouse outer membrane and the second membrane (curtain) releases air. . Open the film on the sunny morning and buckle it in the afternoon. The temperature within the shed period is controlled below 35°C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 18°C. In sunny weather, it is appropriate to open the shed early and close the shed at night.
2. Humidity. Within one week after planting, the air humidity in the greenhouse was 60% to 70%. The temperature in the shed during the early growth period is relatively low. Ventilation and ventilation should be carried out at noon. The length of ventilation in the middle and later periods and the size of the tuyere should be determined according to the weather conditions.
3. Water and fertilizer. After easing the seedlings, watering depends on seedlings and lyrics. Pour water 1 time before pollination and do not water during pollination. After the melon is set, when the melon diameter is about 10 cm, pour 1 swollen melon water, chase the swelled melon, apply 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and refer to the amount of fertilizer applied to the integration of fertilizer and water; when the melon diameter is about 15 cm When pouring water 1 time, Mushi potassium sulfate 5 ~ 10 kg, fertilizer and water integration refer to the amount of fertilizer. Watering is stopped 7 to 10 days before harvesting. During fruit enlargement, high-potassium foliar fertilizer or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate may be sprayed for 2 to 3 times. 4. Remove the film at a proper time. When the melon vine grows about 40 centimeters, remove the inner small arch shed film, remove the outer shed film after one week, and remove the second film (curtain) when the melon matures.
5. Pruning. 2 to 3 vine pruning, two adjacent pairs of climbing, the main vines from the second to the third female flowers to stay melon.
6. Pollination. Pollination is generally carried out in the morning, with artificial pollination or bee pollination.
7. Set the melon. When the melon diameter is 5 to 10 centimeters, each melon cultivar is selected to have one melon fetus and one pest without harm to pests (small fruit type can leave more fruit), and the rest are removed.
8. Pest control. The main diseases are anthracnose, blight, and blight. The main pests are aphids, whiteflies, leafminers, and red spiders. Using agriculture, biology, physics and other methods for prevention and control, but also can be used for the comprehensive prevention and control of pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity, low residue, short residual period, and pay attention to the rotation of drugs, reasonable mix.
7. Harvesting
General varieties sit melon 35 to 45 days mature. The best harvest time is from 10am to 2pm. Use scissors to cut the stem from the base when harvesting, leaving a green handle for each fruit. Avoid rain harvesting.
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