Major potato disease symptoms and prevention methods
First, late blight
1. Symptoms The disease is identified as a fungal disease that harms the stems, leaves, and tubers. The affected parts of the stems and leaves produce brown water-stained spots that later expand into black patches. When wet, there is a circle of white mould around the lesion. The back of the blade is very obvious. After the damage, the potato produces brown or blue lesions in the initial stage. Afterwards, the surface expands gradually and the surface of the disease becomes brown.
2. The selection of disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective way to prevent and control late blight diseases: such as high-resistant late blight of Wushu No.8, No.9, No.11, No.3, No.5, etc.; choose disease-free seed potatoes to prevent invasion. Dye source; eliminate the central diseased plant and spray it in time to prevent it. When the central diseased plant is found, it should be extinguished in time, and the pesticide should be used to prevent and control. Generally, 58% of the mu is mixed with 58% of 100% water, sprayed with a sprayer, sprayed every 7 to 10 days, and sprayed with 2 to 3 times. Times can achieve the desired control effect.
Second, early blight
1. Symptoms mainly harm the leaves, and potato can also be damaged. The disease occurred earlier than the late blight, and it usually started from the lower old leaves and began to form brown dots on the leaves. Afterwards, it expanded into a nearly round and dark brown spot with concentric ring patterns. Spots, lesions, and disease-free tissue are well-defined, with severe leaf dryness.
2. After the tuber was affected, the lesions were round or irregularly shaped, dark brown, slightly concave, the flesh turned brown, dry rot, and there was a layer of corked tissue underneath.
3, control methods selection of disease-resistant varieties, increase fertilization materials, strengthen the field of fertilizer and water management, improve plant resistance to disease; remove diseased tissue; and non-solanum crop rotation; in the early onset of the spray 58% Bao Omsen or 0.8 to 1% Bordeaux liquid 2 to 3 times.
Third, ring rot
1. Symptoms The disease is a bacterial disease, and seed potato infection. After the diseased potato was sown, the heavy ones were rotted and did not emerge. Although light plants emerged, the internodes were shortened and the plants were short. The chlorosis began from the edge of the lower leaves, gradually yellowed upward, and finally withered, but the leaves did not fall off. The susceptible potato block was squeezed out by hand with yellow bacteria liquid, and the potato skin and the potato meat were separated. The severe skin cracked, the potato meat rotted and deteriorated, and the smell was inaudible. The light-sensed potato tuber had a clear ring after the incision.
2, control methods from the disease-free zone transfer, promotion of anti-cyclical rot, and will cut the diseased potato, knife with 75% alcohol or salt water disinfection and then cut to prevent infection; bud plant: remove the disease Buds and weak shoots, use disease-free buds. It can achieve the purpose of improving species and increasing yields; establish a disease-free field and provide seed potatoes with high purity, no disease and light degradation.
IV. Viral diseases
In the case of common mosaic disease, the typical symptom of the disease is the light green leaf mottled between the dark green and light yellow leaves along the leaf veins, the leaves are slightly reduced, and a certain degree of shrinkage occurs. Piebald in shade or overcast: Obvious under the sun or concealed.
In the case of leaf spot mosaic or weighing mosaic disease, the initial leaves of the susceptible cultivars exhibited mottled mosaics or patches, and later developed vascular necrosis, and when severe, they spread along the petiole to appear brown streaks on the main stem. The leaves are completely necrotic and wilting, and the lower leaves are necrotic, but do not fall off. Although some varieties are not susceptible to disease, they are not necrotic, but the plants are dwarf, the stems and leaves become brittle, and the leaves show an ordinary mosaic disease, and clusters are generated.
After complex infection with the mosaic virus, the plants showed wrinkled mosaic symptoms, the leaves became smaller, the parietal lobe was severely shrunken, and the tips and edges of the lobule bent downward were significantly shorter, showing an embroidered globose shape without flowering. Most of the early dead, tubers very small.
Prevention and control methods Breed disease-resistant, disease-resistant varieties; according to the law of the transmission of phlegm, use insecticide dimethoate EC 800 to 1000 times foliar spray, control maggots pass poison.
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