Introduction of five major ingredients of herbs
In the introduction and cultivation of medicinal plants, soil, topography, moisture, temperature, and light are important factors that must be considered.
Soil structure, pH, fertility, and moisture are closely related to plant growth. General medicinal plants are suitable for high organic matter content, granule structure, water retention, fertilizer retention, and neutral or slightly acidic soil growth. Plants rooted in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits can be planted on flat, dry, deep soil, loose and fertile soil, and contain many organic substances, good physical and chemical properties, and suitable soil for water retention and fertilizer maintenance and drainage and irrigation. Sandy heavy soils are generally loose in texture, lack organic matter, have large evaporation, and have poor water retention properties. They are only suitable for the cultivation of Chinese herbs that are suitable for sandy soils, such as northern sea ginseng, alfalfa, and Vaccaria. For soils that are thin, sticky, lack organic matter, and have poor permeability, it is appropriate to grow Chinese herbal medicines such as Eucommia ulmoides and Phellodendron chinense. For alkaloid soils, medicinal materials such as alfalfa, ephedra, licorice and alfalfa can be grown.
The elevation, slope, aspect, and topography of the terrain all affect the changes in the local temperature, solar radiation, and humidity. For example, altitude not only affects the shape and distribution of medicinal plants, but also affects the changes in the content of active ingredients of medicinal plants. The slope direction and slope have a great influence on the cultivation of medicinal plants. For example, Huang Lianxi has a cool and cold climate, but there are deep valleys, cold winds, and easy to cause freezing damage. It is necessary to select northeast and northwest sections with gentle slopes and sheltered winds. If the slope is planted, the temperature in the early spring will rise and the young leaves will start early. Due to the unstable temperature in the early spring, in case of sudden cooling of the cold current, the young leaves are often subjected to freezing damage. For example, in areas where Guangdong cultivates Amomum praecox, the slope should be 30 or less, surrounded by mountains on three sides, open on one side, sloped to the southeast, and cultivated terraces to keep water and soil. Under these conditions, Amomum villosum has more flowers, more fruit, more pollinating insects, and a higher rate of results. This shows that it is also important to select small terrains that are conducive to drug growth in large terrain.
Moisture is the main component of the protoplasm of medicinal plants, enabling the plants to maintain their natural posture. The status of water supply will directly or indirectly affect the photosynthesis of plants. When the plants are deficient in water, the roots will absorb nutrients, the leaves will appear wilting, the stomata will close, affect the entry of carbon dioxide, and the photosynthesis will decline. Excessive water, plant root system hypoxia, inhibition of respiration, even anaerobic bacteria will produce toxic substances, is not conducive to the growth of roots, but also affect the normal photosynthesis. For example, saffron grown in excessively watery soil can cause decay of bulbs. The availability of plant water also affects the metabolism of medicinal plants. For example, cinchona does not form quinine in the rainy season, and the alkaloid content in lupin seeds and plants is less in wet years than in dry years.
Temperature The growth process of medicinal plants has the lowest temperature, the most suitable temperature and the highest temperature that is the three-point temperature. Temperature directly affects the activity of various enzymes in the plant, thereby affecting its metabolism, that is, the process of synthesis and decomposition. At the same time, temperature also affects photosynthesis and respiration, but respiration is more susceptible to temperature. In addition, the germination of many medicinal plant seeds needs low temperature treatment, and some even require two or more alternate temperatures to germinate. For example, the seeds of American ginseng need to be matured after a higher temperature, and then the physiology is completed through low temperature. After ripening can germinate. Therefore, measures such as low-temperature sand storage, shading, earth-cultivation, and covering are commonly used in production to meet the temperature requirements of medicinal plants in different growth periods.
Illumination is one of the necessary conditions for the survival of medicinal plants. According to the response of medicinal plants to light, they can be divided into positive plants, shade plants, and shade-tolerant plants.
The growth of medicinal plants is affected by the regularity of day and night in the natural world and is called the photoperiod phenomenon. Many medicinal plants are related to changes in the length of day and night of dormancy, deciduousness, formation of underground organs, and seed germination. According to the response of flowering of medicinal plants to the length of sunshine, they can be further divided into long-day plants, short-day plants, Chinese sunshine plants and intermediate plants. Short-day southern plants grow in the north, and the vegetative period will increase. It will often take a short period of sunshine in the late fall to bloom, making it vulnerable to low temperatures. Long-day northern plants grow under short-duration conditions in the south and are often premature or unable to flower due to inappropriate temperatures. Therefore, the cultivation of medicinal plants must be based on the characteristics of its light cycle to develop appropriate cultivation measures. In addition, the requirements for the illumination of medicinal plants in different growth periods are not the same, such as the "preliminary euphoria, late hi light" of berberine, and the light transmittance of American ginseng in spring should be slightly larger than the high temperature summer.
Soil structure, pH, fertility, and moisture are closely related to plant growth. General medicinal plants are suitable for high organic matter content, granule structure, water retention, fertilizer retention, and neutral or slightly acidic soil growth. Plants rooted in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits can be planted on flat, dry, deep soil, loose and fertile soil, and contain many organic substances, good physical and chemical properties, and suitable soil for water retention and fertilizer maintenance and drainage and irrigation. Sandy heavy soils are generally loose in texture, lack organic matter, have large evaporation, and have poor water retention properties. They are only suitable for the cultivation of Chinese herbs that are suitable for sandy soils, such as northern sea ginseng, alfalfa, and Vaccaria. For soils that are thin, sticky, lack organic matter, and have poor permeability, it is appropriate to grow Chinese herbal medicines such as Eucommia ulmoides and Phellodendron chinense. For alkaloid soils, medicinal materials such as alfalfa, ephedra, licorice and alfalfa can be grown.
The elevation, slope, aspect, and topography of the terrain all affect the changes in the local temperature, solar radiation, and humidity. For example, altitude not only affects the shape and distribution of medicinal plants, but also affects the changes in the content of active ingredients of medicinal plants. The slope direction and slope have a great influence on the cultivation of medicinal plants. For example, Huang Lianxi has a cool and cold climate, but there are deep valleys, cold winds, and easy to cause freezing damage. It is necessary to select northeast and northwest sections with gentle slopes and sheltered winds. If the slope is planted, the temperature in the early spring will rise and the young leaves will start early. Due to the unstable temperature in the early spring, in case of sudden cooling of the cold current, the young leaves are often subjected to freezing damage. For example, in areas where Guangdong cultivates Amomum praecox, the slope should be 30 or less, surrounded by mountains on three sides, open on one side, sloped to the southeast, and cultivated terraces to keep water and soil. Under these conditions, Amomum villosum has more flowers, more fruit, more pollinating insects, and a higher rate of results. This shows that it is also important to select small terrains that are conducive to drug growth in large terrain.
Moisture is the main component of the protoplasm of medicinal plants, enabling the plants to maintain their natural posture. The status of water supply will directly or indirectly affect the photosynthesis of plants. When the plants are deficient in water, the roots will absorb nutrients, the leaves will appear wilting, the stomata will close, affect the entry of carbon dioxide, and the photosynthesis will decline. Excessive water, plant root system hypoxia, inhibition of respiration, even anaerobic bacteria will produce toxic substances, is not conducive to the growth of roots, but also affect the normal photosynthesis. For example, saffron grown in excessively watery soil can cause decay of bulbs. The availability of plant water also affects the metabolism of medicinal plants. For example, cinchona does not form quinine in the rainy season, and the alkaloid content in lupin seeds and plants is less in wet years than in dry years.
Temperature The growth process of medicinal plants has the lowest temperature, the most suitable temperature and the highest temperature that is the three-point temperature. Temperature directly affects the activity of various enzymes in the plant, thereby affecting its metabolism, that is, the process of synthesis and decomposition. At the same time, temperature also affects photosynthesis and respiration, but respiration is more susceptible to temperature. In addition, the germination of many medicinal plant seeds needs low temperature treatment, and some even require two or more alternate temperatures to germinate. For example, the seeds of American ginseng need to be matured after a higher temperature, and then the physiology is completed through low temperature. After ripening can germinate. Therefore, measures such as low-temperature sand storage, shading, earth-cultivation, and covering are commonly used in production to meet the temperature requirements of medicinal plants in different growth periods.
Illumination is one of the necessary conditions for the survival of medicinal plants. According to the response of medicinal plants to light, they can be divided into positive plants, shade plants, and shade-tolerant plants.
The growth of medicinal plants is affected by the regularity of day and night in the natural world and is called the photoperiod phenomenon. Many medicinal plants are related to changes in the length of day and night of dormancy, deciduousness, formation of underground organs, and seed germination. According to the response of flowering of medicinal plants to the length of sunshine, they can be further divided into long-day plants, short-day plants, Chinese sunshine plants and intermediate plants. Short-day southern plants grow in the north, and the vegetative period will increase. It will often take a short period of sunshine in the late fall to bloom, making it vulnerable to low temperatures. Long-day northern plants grow under short-duration conditions in the south and are often premature or unable to flower due to inappropriate temperatures. Therefore, the cultivation of medicinal plants must be based on the characteristics of its light cycle to develop appropriate cultivation measures. In addition, the requirements for the illumination of medicinal plants in different growth periods are not the same, such as the "preliminary euphoria, late hi light" of berberine, and the light transmittance of American ginseng in spring should be slightly larger than the high temperature summer.
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