In March, we stepped up efforts to prevent and control these diseases and pests in apple orchards
In the spring, when the earth recovers, all kinds of pathogenic pests are about to become active. At this time, the prevention and control of pests and diseases should be based on prevention and prevention.
The prevention of rot disease from the beginning of March to the end of April is the first incidence of rot disease, to surprise inspection, curettage. For lesions that rot up to xylem, they must be scraped to the xylem. After the rotten skin is scraped, it must be cleaned. The skin is about to be scraped 0.5 to 1 cm wide. The clean edges should be neat and smooth, and the scars should be diamond-shaped so as to prevent water from recurring. Scraped spots are timely treated with antiseptic protection, and the diseased skin scraped off immediately burns out in the orchard. Commonly used disinfectants include rot and other substances. In addition, for seriously ill trees, when the sap flows, bridges are required to restore the tree vigor. Bridging method: After the rot disease has been cured, a “⊥†shaped mouth is carved at the top 3 to 4 cm above the lesion, and a “T†shape is carved under the sickle and deep to the xylem. Cut a one-year-old strong shoot (also can use other varieties of robust shoots), according to the length of the lesion need to be cut off a certain length, in both sides of the shoot on both sides of the same surface cut a horse-shaped slope, and then insert the top end of the "⊥"-shaped mouth Insert the lower end into the “Tâ€-shaped mouth. The cutting is preferably slightly arched to make it firm. Then a small nail is nailed on the inclined surface of the branch, and the prepared wax or other viscous material suitable for grafting is painted on. At the incision, moisture is evaporated to ensure the survival rate. Large trees can bridge several spots.
Clean up the orchard in early March to scrape rough old bark, lift the grass rope, sweep away weeds and fallen leaves, eliminate all kinds of overwintering germs (ring rot disease, anthrax, early defoliation) and pests (hawthorn spider mites, leaf curlers) Wait). Pay attention not to scratch the bark too much, focus on the rough old bark below the three main branches. Clean up the rough and fallen leaves to take them out of the park and burn them or bury them deeply. Don't throw them away.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Deficiency Syndrome In the middle and late March of the third month, the orchards in thin mountainous, beach, and saline-alkali lands are prone to deficiency of the disease; yellow-leaf disease can be sprayed on stems and sprayed with 0.3% to 0.5% of ferrous sulfate solution; sand and mountainous orchards It is also possible to combine ferrous sulfate with ferric sulfate (500 g per tree). For fruit trees with severe fruit deficiencies, 150-200 g of borax can be applied to each plant (big tree) when the basal fertilizer is applied. Immediately after application, water is applied. For fruit trees with severe lobular disease, 3% to 5% zinc sulfate solution may be sprayed before germination, or 1% zinc sulfate solution may be sprayed when the inflorescence is reddish, or combined with fertilization. Each tree root may be applied with 500 to 1000 grams of zinc sulfate. Small trees reduce it. For the above three kinds of fertilizers, the root method is not suitable for saline orchard orchards.
Prevention of rot disease In late March, the orchard with rot disease should pay attention to rooting roots, removing roots, and disinfecting the soil. The soil around the diseased roots was taken out of the garden. The diseased spot was disinfected with 40% formaldehyde 100 times solution or 150 times solution of sodium pentachlorophenol. The diseased trees had to be rooted. Before the rainy season, they were scattered into the plant ash or lime and buried in a mound. It cannot hold water.
Prevention and treatment of severe disease gardens In late March, the diseased orchard should be sprayed with 3 to 5 Baume degree lime sulfur. Combined with control of overwintering pests such as scale insects, it is also possible to spray 95% oil emulsion 50 times. For a single plant with severe neoplasm, 40% Leko emulsion can also be used for water 2 to 5 times. After about 30 centimeters from the ground, the old rough skin is scraped off by 10 centimeters, coated with 6 to 10 centimeters, and then used. Old newspapers are bandaged.
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