How to use pesticides in the production of pollution-free vegetables
I. Pesticide selection
1, as much as possible microbial pesticides or biochemical preparations Microbiological pesticides or biochemicals (agricultural antibiotics) can prevent and treat pests, but also does not pollute the environment and poisoning of humans and animals, and for the safety of natural enemies, pests do not produce resistance. Such as hd insects, 6, Jinggangmycin, kasugamycin, agricultural streptomycin, bt emulsion, agricultural resistance 120 and so on.
2. Actively promote the use of non-pharmaceutical substances to control the occurrence of pests. Such as 800 - 1000 times the urine washing mixture (1 part of urea, 0.2 parts of detergent, 100 parts of water are mixed), lime tobacco water (a little lime soaked in tobacco day and night filtration), etc., the control effect on the aphid More than 85%; use 100-150 grams of ammonium bicarbonate and 15 kg of water spray, can prevent cucumber downy mildew; 667 square meters spray 1.5 - 2% of superphosphate solution can prevent cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm, etc. The death of the cabbage caterpillar pounded with water filter, with the filtrate spray to control cabbage caterpillar and earthworms and other pests; will be 20 - 30 grams of garlic, onion mash into a mud, add 10 kg of water and stir well, take the filtrate Spraying has a good control effect on aphids and red spiders.
3, the rational use of chemical pesticides (1) It is strictly prohibited to use "two high and three causes" (ie, high toxicity, high residue, teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic) chemical pesticides. Such as methamidophos, carbofuran, 1605, 1059, 3911, omethoate, insecticidal cockroaches, methicillin, hexachlorobiphenyl, ddt, methylisotriphos, methamidophos, zinc phosphide, monocrotophos, Fluoroacetamide, organic mercury preparations, etc. Although some pesticides are low in toxicity but have long residues, they are not suitable for use in vegetables. There are still residues in crops after one year of application. (2) Select high-efficiency, low-residue chemical pesticides. Pollution-free vegetable production permits the use of certain low-toxicity chemical pesticides in a limited amount, but the toxic residual substances in vegetables cannot exceed national standards, and the metabolites in the human body are harmless and can be easily eliminated from the human body, causing less lethality to natural enemies, such as enemies. Hundred insects, cypermethrin, herbicides, chlorpheniramine, kungfu emulsifier, Bordeaux mixture, dt, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, b-aluminum, zinc sulfate, phosphoric acid Trisodium, weak virus vaccine n14 and so on. (3) Select targeted and moderately toxic pesticides with good efficacy. In the case of using low-toxicity and low-residual pesticides, pests can not be extinguished, and moderately toxic pesticides can be used. However, there are two points that must be taken into account when using these pesticides. First, the pesticide should be applied strictly in accordance with the safe use procedures of pesticides, and the concentrations and application times should not be increased. Is to choose the relatively low toxicity of the agents, such as insecticidal double, good year Feng, Bataan and so on. (4) Select specific insect growth regulators. Such as diflubenzuron, narcotics, Volt, CPT, etc., such chemical pesticides, insecticidal mechanism is to inhibit the growth and development of insects, so that it can not peeling propagation, its high insecticidal, extremely low toxicity to humans and animals.
Second, the use of pesticides
1, based on the full understanding of pesticide performance and the use of methods, according to the type of pest control, the use of appropriate pesticide types or formulations. For example, bufalin has specific effects on whiteflies and nymphs, while it is ineffective against worms of the same type; wolfberry has special effects on peach pods and has poor efficacy in controlling melon worms; metalaxyl (rumyxa) against various kinds of vegetables. , early blight, late blight, etc., but can not control powdery mildew. In the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the protected areas, in order to reduce the humidity, there is flexibility in the selection of aerosols or dusts. Under conditions of high temperatures, sulphur preparations are used to prevent mecalyptus tea and yellow powder and powdery mildew, which are prone to phytotoxicity.
2. Appropriate period of medication According to the occurrence and damage of pests and diseases, strictly control the best period of prevention and treatment, timely medication. Before sowing vegetables or transplanting, should take seedlings, greenhouse disinfection, soil treatment and seed dressing and other measures; when the aphids, ticks occur, low-density whitefly use local application. Under normal circumstances, medication should be given in the morning, medication in the summer afternoon, and medication before watering.
3, the use of appropriate concentration and dose of different vegetable varieties, varieties and reproductive stages of drug resistance are often different, should be based on the toxicity of pesticides and pests and diseases, combined with climate, seedlings, strictly control the dosage and concentration, prevent vegetables There are phytotoxicity and natural enemies, as long as the pests are controlled below the level of economic damage. Such as the prevention of powdery mildew for disease resistance varieties or light only when triadimefon 3 to 5 grams per 667 square meters (active ingredient), and for susceptible varieties or occur when they need 7-10 grams per 667 square meters. In addition, if application techniques such as covert application (such as seed dressing) or high-efficiency spray (such as low-volume fine mist spray) are applied, and the use of different types and types of pesticides for reasonable alternation and rotation is encouraged, the utilization rate of pesticides can be increased, and the reduction can be achieved. The number of medications used to prevent pests from producing resistance, thereby reducing the amount of medication used and reducing environmental pollution.
4. The rational compounding agent adopts the mixed drug method to achieve the purpose of controlling multiple pests in a single application, but the pesticide compounding should be to maintain the active ingredient of the original drug or have a synergistic effect, and no toxic and good physics should be produced. Characters are the premise. In general, various neutral pesticides can be mixed; neutral pesticides and acidic pesticides can be mixed; acidic pesticides can be mixed; alkaline pesticides can not be mixed with other pesticides (including alkaline pesticides); microbial pesticides (such as bt Emulsions) cannot be mixed with fungicides and pesticides with strong absorption.
5. Ensure that the pesticides used in the safety interval are between the date of vegetable harvesting and the date of last use of pesticides. There should be a certain interval between days to prevent pesticide residues in the vegetable products. The usual practice is to have at least 6-8 days in summer, 8-11 days in spring and autumn, and 15 days in winter, and vegetables should be fully rinsed before eating.
1, as much as possible microbial pesticides or biochemical preparations Microbiological pesticides or biochemicals (agricultural antibiotics) can prevent and treat pests, but also does not pollute the environment and poisoning of humans and animals, and for the safety of natural enemies, pests do not produce resistance. Such as hd insects, 6, Jinggangmycin, kasugamycin, agricultural streptomycin, bt emulsion, agricultural resistance 120 and so on.
2. Actively promote the use of non-pharmaceutical substances to control the occurrence of pests. Such as 800 - 1000 times the urine washing mixture (1 part of urea, 0.2 parts of detergent, 100 parts of water are mixed), lime tobacco water (a little lime soaked in tobacco day and night filtration), etc., the control effect on the aphid More than 85%; use 100-150 grams of ammonium bicarbonate and 15 kg of water spray, can prevent cucumber downy mildew; 667 square meters spray 1.5 - 2% of superphosphate solution can prevent cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm, etc. The death of the cabbage caterpillar pounded with water filter, with the filtrate spray to control cabbage caterpillar and earthworms and other pests; will be 20 - 30 grams of garlic, onion mash into a mud, add 10 kg of water and stir well, take the filtrate Spraying has a good control effect on aphids and red spiders.
3, the rational use of chemical pesticides (1) It is strictly prohibited to use "two high and three causes" (ie, high toxicity, high residue, teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic) chemical pesticides. Such as methamidophos, carbofuran, 1605, 1059, 3911, omethoate, insecticidal cockroaches, methicillin, hexachlorobiphenyl, ddt, methylisotriphos, methamidophos, zinc phosphide, monocrotophos, Fluoroacetamide, organic mercury preparations, etc. Although some pesticides are low in toxicity but have long residues, they are not suitable for use in vegetables. There are still residues in crops after one year of application. (2) Select high-efficiency, low-residue chemical pesticides. Pollution-free vegetable production permits the use of certain low-toxicity chemical pesticides in a limited amount, but the toxic residual substances in vegetables cannot exceed national standards, and the metabolites in the human body are harmless and can be easily eliminated from the human body, causing less lethality to natural enemies, such as enemies. Hundred insects, cypermethrin, herbicides, chlorpheniramine, kungfu emulsifier, Bordeaux mixture, dt, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, b-aluminum, zinc sulfate, phosphoric acid Trisodium, weak virus vaccine n14 and so on. (3) Select targeted and moderately toxic pesticides with good efficacy. In the case of using low-toxicity and low-residual pesticides, pests can not be extinguished, and moderately toxic pesticides can be used. However, there are two points that must be taken into account when using these pesticides. First, the pesticide should be applied strictly in accordance with the safe use procedures of pesticides, and the concentrations and application times should not be increased. Is to choose the relatively low toxicity of the agents, such as insecticidal double, good year Feng, Bataan and so on. (4) Select specific insect growth regulators. Such as diflubenzuron, narcotics, Volt, CPT, etc., such chemical pesticides, insecticidal mechanism is to inhibit the growth and development of insects, so that it can not peeling propagation, its high insecticidal, extremely low toxicity to humans and animals.
Second, the use of pesticides
1, based on the full understanding of pesticide performance and the use of methods, according to the type of pest control, the use of appropriate pesticide types or formulations. For example, bufalin has specific effects on whiteflies and nymphs, while it is ineffective against worms of the same type; wolfberry has special effects on peach pods and has poor efficacy in controlling melon worms; metalaxyl (rumyxa) against various kinds of vegetables. , early blight, late blight, etc., but can not control powdery mildew. In the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the protected areas, in order to reduce the humidity, there is flexibility in the selection of aerosols or dusts. Under conditions of high temperatures, sulphur preparations are used to prevent mecalyptus tea and yellow powder and powdery mildew, which are prone to phytotoxicity.
2. Appropriate period of medication According to the occurrence and damage of pests and diseases, strictly control the best period of prevention and treatment, timely medication. Before sowing vegetables or transplanting, should take seedlings, greenhouse disinfection, soil treatment and seed dressing and other measures; when the aphids, ticks occur, low-density whitefly use local application. Under normal circumstances, medication should be given in the morning, medication in the summer afternoon, and medication before watering.
3, the use of appropriate concentration and dose of different vegetable varieties, varieties and reproductive stages of drug resistance are often different, should be based on the toxicity of pesticides and pests and diseases, combined with climate, seedlings, strictly control the dosage and concentration, prevent vegetables There are phytotoxicity and natural enemies, as long as the pests are controlled below the level of economic damage. Such as the prevention of powdery mildew for disease resistance varieties or light only when triadimefon 3 to 5 grams per 667 square meters (active ingredient), and for susceptible varieties or occur when they need 7-10 grams per 667 square meters. In addition, if application techniques such as covert application (such as seed dressing) or high-efficiency spray (such as low-volume fine mist spray) are applied, and the use of different types and types of pesticides for reasonable alternation and rotation is encouraged, the utilization rate of pesticides can be increased, and the reduction can be achieved. The number of medications used to prevent pests from producing resistance, thereby reducing the amount of medication used and reducing environmental pollution.
4. The rational compounding agent adopts the mixed drug method to achieve the purpose of controlling multiple pests in a single application, but the pesticide compounding should be to maintain the active ingredient of the original drug or have a synergistic effect, and no toxic and good physics should be produced. Characters are the premise. In general, various neutral pesticides can be mixed; neutral pesticides and acidic pesticides can be mixed; acidic pesticides can be mixed; alkaline pesticides can not be mixed with other pesticides (including alkaline pesticides); microbial pesticides (such as bt Emulsions) cannot be mixed with fungicides and pesticides with strong absorption.
5. Ensure that the pesticides used in the safety interval are between the date of vegetable harvesting and the date of last use of pesticides. There should be a certain interval between days to prevent pesticide residues in the vegetable products. The usual practice is to have at least 6-8 days in summer, 8-11 days in spring and autumn, and 15 days in winter, and vegetables should be fully rinsed before eating.
The chicken claw is compact and elastic, the chicken claw has high nutritional value and contains the calcium and collagen protein needed by the human body. I especially like eating food with bones, the meat on the side of the bone is special, and the chicken claw is one of my favorites. The practice of Chicken Feet is also diversified. Today, we recommend a delicious chicken claw with a special aroma.
The nutrition value of chicken claw is very high, contain rich calcium and collagen protein, eat more not only can soften blood vessel, have beauty effect at the same time. Japanese researchers have found that chicken feet contain four protein components that can effectively inhibit high blood pressure. 1. Remove fat and blood pressure: can soften and protect blood vessels, and reduce the blood lipid and cholesterol in the body. 2. Skin care: enhance the skin tone and eliminate wrinkles.
The nutrition value of chicken claw is very high, contain rich calcium and collagen protein, proper intake not only can soften blood vessel, have beauty effect at the same time, the general population is edible. The chicken claw, the muscle, the gum is large. It is often used for cooking soup and also for halogen and sauce. For example: chicken feet, chicken feet. The thick and rich texture can also be cooked and removed from the bone, such as: the chicken with pepper and the broken bones, both crisp and delicious.
Braised Chicken Feet,Frozen Chicken Feet,Processed Frozen Chicken Feet,Boneless Chicken Feet
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