How to manage tomatoes after planting? Post-plant management points
The management of tomato after planting has a great influence on the yield and quality. The management of tomato planting is mainly divided into two parts: management after slow seedling to fruit setting, and field management in the middle and late stages. The following is the management of these two parts. What?
First, the management of the seedlings after the slow seedlings
The tomato after planting is still in the high temperature and strong light stage. Therefore, management should pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, shading and cooling, and prevent pests and diseases. After the tomato is slowed down, the seedlings are usually no longer watered. When the soil is sticky, the soil is planted in time to promote the hair roots. In high temperature and sunny days, shading should be carried out to prevent high temperature and strong light. Generally, cover curtains or shade nets should be used from 1 am to 5 pm to minimize the temperature in the shed, so that the temperature at noon during the day does not exceed 30 ° C, and the afternoon does not exceed At 25 ° C, the night is controlled at 13-15 ° C. Other times and rainy days are not shaded to meet the light. Root rot should be treated with carbendazim or methyl thiophanate or carbendazim at the root; for the control of mites, whitefly, and viral diseases, it is recommended to suspend the yellow plate and blue plate for early warning and early coverage. Insect-resistant net; for the obviously long seedlings, 3 grams of ketamine can be sprayed with 15 kg of water, and 800 times of plant root activation inhibitor is used to irrigate the roots 1-2 times to activate the soil to promote root growth and development. Strong seedlings lay a good foundation.
Second, the middle and late stage management
1. Temperature management: After the fruit is set, the weather gradually becomes cold. It is mainly based on heat preservation and scientifically regulates the temperature. It is 25-28°C before the morning to three o'clock in the morning; 25-20°C in the afternoon, 18-14°C in the middle of the night, 12 in the middle of the night. °C or so. In the afternoon, when the temperature in the shed falls to 20 °C, the air outlet can be closed to facilitate nighttime insulation. After entering the winter, the wind should be gradually carried out, and the air should be adjusted by the small air outlet to adjust the temperature. The temperature should not be high, and the large air outlet should be released, causing the temperature to be out of control. After the fruiting period, in order to promote fruit ripening, the temperature should be higher, mainly to keep the night temperature at around 15 °C, and promote the formation of lycopene. By the end of October, the lowest temperature in the shed at night will not reach 10 °C, and the curtain should be kept in time. In order to ensure that the light is exposed as early as possible on the basis of insulation, the straw cover is covered at night. In addition, when the cloudy light is weak, the temperature in the daytime in the shed should be 3-5 °C lower than the normal temperature, and the reflective curtain should be suspended in time.
2, fertilizer and water management: When the first ear fruit grows to the end of the walnut, the seedlings are finished, the fertilizer water is poured, the mud is used for 8-10 kg concentrated high potassium special fertilization, or the acre is applied with a large amount of elemental water soluble fertilizer 3-5 kg, in order to benefit The fruit expands rapidly and water is poured about 10 days later. When the third ear fruit is inflated, the fertilizer is re-irrigated once, and the amount of fertilizer is increased more than the first time. At the same time, 800 times of plant root activation inhibitor is applied per acre to increase the ground temperature to activate the soil and promote root failure prevention. Watering in winter depends on the day to see the seedlings, no watering on cloudy days, avoid flooding with large water, and the fruit has matured in December. Generally, it is no longer watered to prevent the ground temperature from falling. The humidity in the shed is too easy to affect the disease. Ventilation and dehumidification should be carried out in time after each watering. In winter, due to insufficient light, the fruit-bearing plants with normal growth but showing nitrogen deficiency can be sprayed with 10PPM of 92020 plus 1% urea solution.
3, dip flowers and fruit: most of the time need to take hormone treatment. Because of poor environment (high temperature, low temperature), when crop growth is not good, it must be treated with hormones to achieve the purpose of maintaining flowers and fruits.
The main methods of hormone treatment are:
(1) Point flowers. Apply the liquid brush to the flower handle;
(2) Spraying flowers. Use a small watering can to spray directly on the bracts or directly spray the entire flower;
(3) Scutellaria, soak the whole inflorescence in a well-prepared hormonal solution.
There are two main types of hormone-treated drugs: 2,4-D and anti-fallin. Concentration: 2,4-D point flower 10-20ppm, silk flower 20-50ppm; anti-falling flower sputum 15-45ppm. In order to increase the effect of drug treatment, manufacturers now add cytokinins and auxins. However, it should be noted that any hormone use should be adjusted according to temperature and variety. After a small area trial, it will be widely promoted in large areas. Because different varieties have different tolerance to hormones, the effect after flowering will vary greatly.
Some fungicides against gray mold can be added to the liquid medicine of silk flower and spray hormone. In the past few years, in the production of anti-grey mold, more is to add to the music, this agent is safer, generally does not have adverse effects on the fruit.
4, timely sparse flowers and thin fruit, autumn and winter tomatoes generally only 3-4 order fruit, each order leaves 3-4 fruits, which is beneficial to fruit growth, which is conducive to fruit set.
5. Strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and use carbendazim or chlorothalonil spray to prevent disease before watering in winter. Botrytis cinerea is treated with 55% chlorhexidine or special effect gray mold king or sigale. For early blight, late blight and leaf mold, 70% mancozeb or 75% chlorothalonil or 60% anti-virus or Plex can be used. For prevention and control, 70% thiophanate-methyl can also be used for prevention and treatment. After watering, chlorothalonil can be used for prevention, and at the same time, the old leaves of the sick and old can be removed, and the effect of alternate use of multiple agents is better.
6, other matters: timely tying pruning
(1) When the side branches grow to 8-10 cm, they start to smash the pruning, and when the fourth inflorescence appears, leave 2-3 leaves on top;
(2) After the tomatoes are turned from white to white, the lower old leaves should be removed in time. It can be ripened with 500-1000PPM ethephon (not to be sprayed on the leaves) or coated with 2000PPM ethephon.
7, to enhance the light, the natural light in winter is weak, it is important to take measures to improve the lighting of the greenhouse:
(1) A reflective screen can be attached;
(2) Under the conditions of temperature permitting, as early as possible, uncover the grass cover to extend the light seeing time;
(3) Continuous snowy weather, can not be used for insulation without revealing the curtain, as long as it is not snowy and cloudy, when the temperature is high at noon, the curtain will be opened at least 3-4 hours every day, and the snow should be cleared in time after the snow stops. Light;
(4) Regularly clean the surface of the test booth film to improve the light transmission of the film.
The above is the management points after the tomato planting, the content is for reference only, want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong Academy!
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