How to Apply Fertilizer to Watermelon in the West
Micro-irrigation fertilization is a water-saving, fertilizer-saving, and high-efficiency agricultural production technology that uses a fertilization device to inject fertilizer solution into a micro-irrigation system and evenly and stably conveys it to the soil in the root zone of crops under pressure water source conditions.
First, watermelon planting characteristics
Spring greenhouse nursery generally in late January ~ early February, planting in late March; autumn greenhouse nursery in late May ~ early July, one month later colonization. Density 680~700 plants/mu, row spacing 105~110cm, plant spacing 70~80cm. Do the trick: Ridge height 18 ~ 20 cm, ridge width 40 cm, while laying the drip irrigation pipe back cover film sealed. Base fertilizer: organic fertilizer 3500-8000 kg/mu, compound fertilizer (15:15:15) 50 kg/mu, potassium sulfate 15 kg/mu, and fully mixed with earth.
Second, micro-fertigation facilities
The micro-irrigation system is generally drip irrigation. One or two drip irrigation belts (tubes) are laid on each floor. The spacing between the drippers and the spacing between the drippers is equivalent. Refer to relevant regulations for installation and use. The fertilizing device is generally a differential pressure fertilizing tank or a Venturi fertiliser, and the fertilizing tank volume is not less than 15 liters.
Third, the common fertilizer selection
Fertilizer requirements: soluble in irrigation water at room temperature, insolubles less than 5%, small content of conditioners; no precipitation when mixed with other fertilizers; no drastic changes in pH of irrigation water; more corrosive to irrigation systems small.
2, commonly used fertilizers: water-soluble solid fertilizer or high concentrations of liquid fertilizers, such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, or water-soluble special compound fertilizer (special formula fertilizer), recommended Use special formula fertilizer.
IV. Micro-irrigation fertilization scheme
1. Micro-irrigation scheme: One-time permeable perfusion after planting, generally drip irrigation should be more than 8 hours, and furrow irrigation can also be used. After emergence, depending on the situation, drip irrigation can be adopted. Generally, watermelon is usually driped once every 5~7 days in the seedling stage, each time is 10~12 square meters/mu, and drip irrigation is performed once every 5~7 days in extension period, each time 12~14 square meters. Acres, drip irrigation every 6~8 days once, each time 13~16 square/mu. The open seedlings usually drip once every 5~7 days, each time 10~15 square meters/mu, drip irrigation once every 5~7 days, each time 13~16 square meters/mu, and every 6~8 days drip irrigation during the expansion period. Once, every 15 to 18 square meters/mu.
2. Add fertilizer program: The general principle is to add one fertilizer every two times of drip irrigation. Protected watermelons are usually topdressed once every 8 to 10 days for seedlings, each time they are added with 10 to 12 kg/mu of fertilizer, and the ratio of fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O) is 20:15:15; Top dressing once, every 12~14kg/mu, fertilizer ratio 20:5:20; top dressing every 10~12 days once, every time 15~18kg/mu, fertilizer ratio 20:5:25 . In the open seedlings of the open field, they are topdressed once every 8 to 10 days, each time they add 10 to 12 kg/mu of fertilizer, and the ratio of fertilizer is 20:10:15; the fertilizer is applied once every 8 to 10 days, and every time it is 12~14. Kilograms/mu, fertilizer ratio is 20:5:20; fertilizer is topped every 10~12 days, each time is 15~18kg/mu, fertilizer ratio is 20:0:20.
Fifth, micro-irrigation fertilization operation
1, irrigation operation
When irrigation, the valve on the fertilizer tank should be closed, the control valve of the branch pipe of the drip irrigation system should be fully opened, and irrigation should be performed according to the micro-irrigation scheme. At the end of the irrigation, the power is cut off and the control valve is closed immediately. Drip wetting depth is generally 30 cm. The principle of drip irrigation is a small number of times. Do not extend the drip irrigation time to achieve more irrigation purposes.
2, fertilization operation
(1) Fertilizer preparation
According to the requirements of the fertilizer addition program, the fertilizer is first dissolved in water, and the fertilizer can also be dissolved in water one day before fertilization. When fertilizing, filter the yarn (net) and pour the fertilizer into a differential pressure fertilization tank, or pour it into an open container and inhale it with a venturi.
(2) Fertilization operation
Differential pressure fertilization method: The fertilizing tank is connected in parallel with the pressure regulating valve on the main pipe, and the inlet pipe of the fertilizing tank must reach the bottom of the tank. Fill the water for 20-30 minutes before fertilizing. When fertilizing, tighten the lid and open the inlet valve of the tank. After the tank is filled with water, open the outlet valve of the tank and adjust the differential pressure to maintain normal fertilization. Add fertilizer time is generally controlled in 40 to 60 minutes, to prevent uneven fertility or inadequate.
Venturi fertilization method: the venturi device is connected in parallel with the valve on the main pipe, the previously dissolved fertilizer solution is filtered, poured into an open container, and the suction head of the venturi device is put into the fertilizer solution. With a filter, do not place the tip on the bottom of the container. Open the valve on the suction pipe and adjust the valve on the main pipe so that the suction pipe can absorb the fertilizer fluid evenly and stably.
Precautions: Each time you add fertilizer, you must control the concentration of fertilizer solution. Usually add 1 kg of fertilizer in 1 square of water. The amount of fertilizer should not be too large to prevent waste of fertilizer and system blockage. After each fertilization is completed, it should be irrigated for 20 to 30 minutes. To flush the pipe.
3, system maintenance
For each period of operation of the micro-irrigation fertilization system, the sewage valve at the bottom of the filter should be opened to decontaminate the residue at the bottom of the fertilization tank. In some areas, the carbonate content of water is high. After each irrigation season, apply 30% diluted hydrochloric acid solution (40-50 liters) into the drip irrigation tube, keep for 20 minutes, and then rinse with fresh water.
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