Fertilizer classification and rational application

Fertilizer is the food of plants and is the material that directly or indirectly supply the nutrients needed by crops, and improves soil properties to increase crop yield and quality. There are many ways to classify fertilizers. Generally, fertilizers are divided into inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and microbial fertilizers. At present, inorganic fertilizers are the decisive factors in production, followed by organic fertilizers, and microbial fertilizers have a small share.

The so-called inorganic fertilizers are fertilizers composed of inorganic substances in comparison with organic fertilizers, also called chemical fertilizers, or chemical fertilizers. According to the nutrient types contained in the fertilizer, it is divided into nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, calcium magnesium sulfur fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and trace element fertilizer. The commonly used phosphate fertilizers include superphosphate, heavy superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, phosphate rock powder, etc. The commonly used potassium fertilizers include potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and kiln ash potassium. The commonly used compound fertilizers include monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate. , Nitrophosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a variety of blended compound fertilizer, commonly used fertilizers are zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, borax, ammonium molybdate and so on.

Since the reform and opening up, China's chemical fertilizer application rate has increased rapidly, and its contribution to agricultural products is 35-40%. However, the average utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in China is only about 32%, compared with 50-60% in developed countries, which not only causes huge waste in financial resources, but also has a negative impact on the environment and agricultural product safety. Therefore, the rational use of chemical fertilizers will increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers. Has become an urgent issue. Efforts should be made to promote balanced formula fertilization; emphasis should be placed on both chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers, and the use of both must be combined; and nitrogen fertilizers should be rationally allocated and applied according to soil conditions, crop types, and fertilizer characteristics. Nitrogen fertilizers should be deeply applied and timely covered with soil to promote bottom fertilizer and top dressing phase. Combining, we should not blindly "one bombardment", try to avoid and reduce ammonia volatilization, loss of nitrate nitrogen and denitrification denitrification; Phosphorus fertilizer should select the corresponding species for different soil areas and crops, promote the use of base fertilizer; Potassium application should be Basal fertilizers are mainly used in conjunction with topdressing to apply limited potassium fertilizers on low-potassium and potassium-bearing crops. The range of deficiency, appropriate amount and excess of various trace elements is narrow, so the application of trace fertilizer must strictly comply with the technical requirements. The effective method is soaking, seed dressing, foliar spray, and some can be directly applied to the soil. .

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