Autumn straw covered wheat and rape fields
First, the operation method 1, wheat straw covered. The base fertilizer is applied to the site preparation before wheat sowing. After sowing, the composite soil covers the seeds, and at the same time it is supplemented with the comprehensive prevention (cordyceps) and the necessary field control measures (clearing the ditch, etc.). Little (free) arable land is removed before planting. 250-300 kg of straw per acre, cut into 10-20cm straw is better, but also the whole straw down. It is advisable to return the fresh grass to the field, and a small amount of water should be added to the hay. Straw cover the field evenly, so that the grass is not piled up and the ground is not exposed. After the wheat is harvested, the grass is rotted and can be ploughed into the soil. 2. Rape field covered with rapeseed. After rice is harvested, the water in the farmland will be drained. The land shall be cleared in time and the soil shall be cultivated in a timely manner. The soil shall be well-trimmed and the soil shall be loosened. No-till cultivators use a tiller to ditch. When sowing (or transplanting) rapeseed, sowing (or transplanting) the seed (or transplanting) according to the specifications to the point where the base fertilizer is applied, and then covering the entire field with 300 kg/mu of straw evenly after the soil is reconstituted. Seedlings) It is advisable not to expose the soil, but also to take measures to eliminate comprehensive protection and necessary field management measures. After the rapeseed is harvested, the straw is rotted and turned into soil for the next base fertilizer. Second, supporting technology 1, agricultural machinery and equipment in the place where time is tight, as far as possible with the corresponding agricultural machinery, in order to improve efficiency. Various models of straw returning machinery (with tools) can be used, with the corresponding tractor traction completed. 2, row of waterlogging and irrigation water, wheat, rapeseed sowing (transplantation) in the event of more rain, humidity in the field, especially in front of the rice fields, should be drained before the rice harvest field water, rice immediately after harvest Excavation trenches to exclude the soil cultivating layer of water, maintaining the same trenches outside the field, the flow of water, rain and dry. After the straw is covered, in case of dry years, water should be poured once, or a defecation water should be applied once, and 1 ton per mu is appropriate. 3. Formula fertilization According to the objectives of soil fertility and crop yield, organic and inorganic fertilizers, NPK and balanced fertilization are applied. In order to adjust the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, promote microbial activity, and speed up the maturity of straw, an additional 5-10 kg of urea should be applied per acre. 4. In addition to comprehensive prevention of wheat and rapeseed (free) ploughing (strip) seeding cultivation, herbicides should be applied in the field 3-7 days before sowing. In the ditching and sowing of the trenches, the field shall be sprayed with herbicides and weeds prior to sowing. Before straw returned to the field, it was required to spray and sterilize pesticides and prevent pests and weeds. Straw with serious diseases and pests should not return to the field and be burned as much as possible. III. Appropriate conditions 1. Rice straw cover technology is suitable for paddy rice, cotton, and coarse grains (after cropping)—wheat two-cooked areas. Soil preparation, low (free) cultivation and protection are all suitable. The method of soil preparation depends on different farming systems and crops. Former crops are early autumn crops (sorghum, soybeans, tobacco, peanuts). If the crops are not tight, they should be ploughed down and flattened; the former crops are late autumn crops (sweet potato, cotton). The gargle is relatively tight and should be harvested and ploughed to grab the land. 2. The rice straw cover technology in rapeseed field is suitable for rapeseed sowing and seedling transplanting cultivation methods of rice-canola two-year cooked areas. Fourth, benefit analysis 1, wheat, rapeseed field straw cover technology is an effective technical measure to make full use of organic fertilizer resources, fertilize the soil to increase grain production. According to data analysis, the implementation of rice straw returned to the field, 300 acres of land per acre, soil organic matter can be significantly and steadily increased, generally increased by about 0.1% annually, applied all year round, rice field organic matter can be stabilized at 2.5% or more. According to the measurement, 200 kilograms of rice straw is returned, equivalent to 3 kilograms of urea, 2 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer and 8 kilograms of potash fertilizer, and the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus can be increased by 5%. The potassium content of rice straw is high. The implementation of straw returning can alleviate the shortage of potassium resources in China and accelerate the recycling of potassium. 2. Straw cover reduces surface heat loss and water evaporation, and the water content of cover grass soil in the dry season can be increased by 14-16 percentage points. At the same time, it also slows down the gravitational flushing of rainwater, reducing soil compaction and preventing loss of water and fertilizer. Under low-temperature conditions in January and February, the soil temperature in the tillage layer (0-20cm) was 1-1.5°C higher than that in uncovered soils; the absolute water content increased 3-6% in the dry season; and the weeds decreased 70-85%. Straw cover has played an important role in protecting and insulating the weeds (especially dicotyledonous weeds), improving the ecological environment of the farmland and promoting the normal growth of the crops. 3. According to the experimental data, when straw is returned to 300 kg/mu, the yield of wheat can be increased by about 10%, and rice can be increased by about 8% in the later season. China Agricultural Network Editor
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