Yangmei Miao Management Technical Points
The setting time of red bayberry usually ranges from late February to mid-March, when the temperature has started to warm up, it is best to choose to do it on a cloudy or light rainy day. At this time, the survival rate of planting individual plants is high. Variety selection should be based on different regions, with a reasonable mix of early, middle and late-maturing varieties. This species is suitable for planting in our province and Dongkui Yangmei. Select high-quality grafted seedlings with robust, root-rich and disease-free poplar, and fill 10-15 kilograms of addicted ash with 5-10 kilograms of putty ash into the wells dug into the wells, then plant them in moderately shallow depths, and then plant small soil around the plants. Cover the soil in time to avoid rooting. Yangmei is a dioecious plant, and it is necessary to plant 1-2% of male plants for pollination when planting.
3, fertilizer and water management. In the year, the forest land can grow fresh vegetables, herbs or green manures to increase the soil fertility. Saplings are based on quick-acting fertilizers, with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in combination, and fertilized 2-3 times a year. The adult tree is topdressed twice a year, for the first time in the late winter and early spring before the shoots are sown, and one or two kilograms of potassium sulfate per kilogram of potassium sulfate or urea per kilogram of roots is added. Urea 0.25 kg plus 15-15 kg of soot. After the application, it covers the earth. The second time, after fruit harvesting, it accounts for 50-55% of the annual fertilization amount. According to the principle of multiple results of multiple fertilization, each plant will open a 10-20 cm ditch under the canopy drip line, applying 0.5-1 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.3 - 0.5 kilograms of phosphorus, potash and 30-50 kilograms of soil fertiliser. The fleshy roots of bayberry trees are easily damaged, and they are not damaged when digging holes. Fruit development can also be followed by foliar fertilizer, spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% potassium sulfate and other l-2 times. In addition, improve the soil, remove waterlogging, etc., to ensure high quality and high yield of bayberry.
4, pruning. The shape of the bayberry is mainly natural round. The pruning of saplings is mainly to shape dryness and to cultivate trees with early and high yields. Generally use "a stem and three main branches" naturally happy-shaped crown. That is, for the shoots that germinate after being dried, 3-4 strong shoots with uniform azimuthal distribution and a certain distance (approximately 20-30 cm) between them are selected as the main shoots, and the main shoots are selected and retained on each main branch. -3 sub-branches or lateral branches, so that they are reasonably distributed and clearly structured, and the crown skeleton is basically formed within 3-5 years. The pruning of adult trees is mainly to cultivate high-yielding population structure, regulate the relationship between growth and seed setting, and promote sustainable, high-quality, and high-yield production. Pruning is divided into summer cuts (opening angles, picking hearts, twisting tips, brushing buds, pulling branches, taking sticks, cutting, etc.), winter shearing (deletion, retraction, short cuts).
5. Growth and results of artificial regulation
(1) Suppressing flowers and protecting fruits. For mature trees with more than five-year-olds that have grown vigorously, no production trees, early-fruiting young trees and growth-promoting trees, the cultivation management will be carried out at the same time from October to March of the following year (with November as the optimum period). Paclobutrazol. The method is: to open the soil in the projected area of ​​the tree crown, to see the fine root as degree, mix the quantitative paclobutrazol with 30 times fine soil and evenly spread it under the canopy, then cover the soil; or spray 800pp of paclobutrazol before flowering, In the spring flower shoots, the fruit is sprayed with 20-30 ppm of gibberellin during the final flowering period. In early March, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed. The spray is sprayed once every 10 days and sprayed twice to increase the fruit setting rate. Saplings below 5 years of age should not be used. The land application can only be performed once every 4-5 years, and the leaf application is also performed once every 1-2 years.
(2) Thinning and thinning fruit. Generally from February to mid-March, the flowering buds of the old tree, the whole tree evenly short results 1/5-2/5, while applying urea and other quick-acting nitrogen 0.5-1 kg, promote nutrition Tip; or in the flowering period, use "sparse 5" 200 times liquid or "sparse 6" 100 mg/kg liquid to perform chemical thinning. After 20 days, Xiehua spent many times on fruit trees, according to the number of fruit on the tree, which is usually the upper part of the canopy, sparsely sparsely stayed, and the lower part sparsely stayed, usually 2-3 times; it can also be done flexibly.
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