Field management techniques for double-season late rice in southern rice region

The provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, and the southeastern coast of Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, and Hainan are the main planting areas for double-season late rice in China, covering an area of ​​more than 100 million mu. Therefore, ensuring a bumper harvest of double-season late rice in the south is of great significance for stabilizing rice in China and even food production. According to the local production survey, we put forward the field management opinions by analyzing the problems existing in the current double-season late rice production.

First, the current main problem

First, since the beginning of summer, especially during the early rice harvest period, some provinces in the Yangtze River Basin have experienced long-term storms and floods, which have affected the early harvesting of early rice. In some areas, the accumulation of water has been delayed, resulting in delays in the late rice planting period. The season is tense, the pressure on field management is increasing, and the safety of the late rice will be threatened.

The second is to promote light-weight festival cultivation, and the area of ​​throwing and no-tillage throwing in double-season late rice is expanded, but there are serious technical unsupporting problems. The outstanding performance is that the rice breeding technology for one night is not enough, and the standard is not cultivated according to technical requirements. Dry breeding and strong seedlings, seedlings and seedlings are high in age, affecting the seedlings; 2 weeding and no-tillage technology is not enough, some local herbicide types and methods are improperly applied, the effect of herbicide and weeding is poor, and the Honda regeneration seedlings and grassland are more serious; The quality of throwing cockroaches is not high, the density of the population is small, and there is direct seedling cultivation by water. The quality of seedlings is poor and the seedlings are difficult to stand.

Third, after the planting, the water is unscientific, and the deep water irrigation phenomenon is prominent, which is not conducive to the splitting of the seedlings and the transplanting of the fields.

Fourth, the base of pests and diseases is high, and the potential is fierce, and the potential for stagnation is very high. This year's climatic conditions are more conducive to the occurrence of a variety of diseases. The base of Sanhua carp is high, and the overlapping of generations is extremely unfavorable for accurate forecasting and prevention; migratory locusts also have a tendency to be biased; especially in the mid-to-late July, heavy rainfall, string irrigation is prominent, which may lead to late rice white leaves. Blight spreads and spreads, causing major outbreaks and pandemics.

Second, field management advice

In view of the problems in the current production of double-season late rice, all localities should strengthen the classification guidance and take corresponding countermeasures to effectively strengthen the field management.

(1) Early promotion of early management, early competition, early seedlings. One is to apply the fat fertilizer early and fight for "a boom." During the growth period of late rice, the temperature of the late rice was higher, the differentiation time of young spikes occurred earlier, the effective tillering time of the field was shorter, and the hybrid variety "Liqiu", which had a long growth period, entered the stage of young spike differentiation, and the early late indica rice also began to differentiate into young ears. . Therefore, after transplanting, the manure should be chased early, and the low-grade pupa should be promoted early to develop an effective sputum. The tillering fertilizer of late rice is applied about 5 days after insertion (after throwing), and the seedlings are raised about 15 days after planting. Generally, 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium chloride are applied per acre. No-tillage throwing fields should pay attention to the application of different times to avoid loss. The second is scientific management of water. The planting of late rice seedlings affects the root activity, and the high-temperature leaf surface transpiration is large. On the basis of shallow water transplanting, the water should be properly flooded to promote rejuvenation, and the shallow water layer promotes tillering. Throwing and no-tillage throwing the fields should take the flowers and water to promote the seedlings, avoiding the deep water to cause the floating seedlings to affect the seedlings; after the seedlings, the wet management is carried out, the gaps are exposed, the tillers and roots are promoted, and the lodging resistance of the transplanted rice is improved. .

(2) Controlling the seedlings in a timely manner to prevent the group from being too large. The effective tillering period of late rice is short. Invalid tillering can not only increase the effective ear, but will worsen the group and cause disease. It is necessary to pay attention to the timely control of seedlings according to the principle of “time to unequal seedlings and seedlings to unequal time”. The degree of drying the field in the transplanted field should be determined by the soil quality, fertility and seedling potential. The fertility is low and the seedlings are weak. The light sun is suitable for exposure; the fertility is high and the seedlings are vigorously taken. The ploughing and throwing of the field will produce a quick seedling, and it should be properly exposed to the sun and heavy sun; the no-tillage field is relatively late and the seedlings are slower.

(3) Applying the ear fertilizer skillfully, supplementing the grain fertilizer, fighting for the big ear, and competing for grain weight. In late rice production, the organic fertilizer is generally applied less, and the high temperature, the decomposition of organic matter and the decomposition of chemical fertilizer are faster, and it is easy to cause the lack of fertilizer at the later stage. Groups with smaller groups can be used to promote flower fertilizer and fight for large ears early; for large populations and strong growth, it is advisable to apply appropriate fertilizers at night to prevent the degradation of spikelets and preserve the flowers. The application of fertilizer in the early stage is heavy, and the large population may not be applied. Spike fertilizer is generally applied to 15:15:15 type compound fertilizer 7-10 kg, or urea 2.5-3 kg plus potassium chloride 4-5 kg, superphosphate 5-10 kg. The existing varieties have large spikes and large grains, and the grouting time is longer. It is necessary to increase the 1000-grain weight and rice quality. The grain-filling fertilizer should also be supplemented with appropriate grain fertilizer, prolong the functional leaf life and prevent premature senescence, and can be applied per mu according to the growth of the seedlings. 2-3 kg of urea, or 1.5-2 kg of urea plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 g - 200 g with 50 kg of water for foliar application to accelerate the grouting, increase the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. At the same time, wet management is implemented to prevent water from being cut off too early.

(4) Preventing pests and diseases. In addition to the physical management of the cultivation and management of the late rice pests and the use of frequency-vibration lamps to trap pests, it is necessary to strengthen the biological and chemical control work. In the first and middle period, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of bacterial blight and the third-generation sputum, and to prevent sheath blight during the jointing and booting stage, and to prevent and control the rice planthopper after heading. All localities should, according to the forecast of the local plant protection department, timely select the effective prevention and control of pesticides with high efficiency. Bacterial blight is sprayed with 25% of leaf cumin 100 grams of water and 50 kg of water at the onset of the disease. Spike neck sputum is sprayed with 40% of the rich soil No. 1 emulsifiable concentrate 100g or 20% tricyclazole 100g per mu, or 40% of the disease-killing 150-200 g with 50 kg of water. Sheath blight is sprayed with 100-150 g of Jinggangmycin powder per acre at 50 kg of water at the jointing and booting stage. The prevention and control of Sanhua carp is sprayed with 25% of insecticidal double 150-200 mg per acre plus 5% of Pepsi 15 mg and 50 kg of water. Rice planthoppers use 25% per mu of turmeric powder 50g, or imidacloprid 10-15g water 50-60kg sprayed rice base, 5% of Regent 30ml plus 18% insecticide Double 300 ml, and prevent rice leaf roller, rice mites, and mites.

(5) Preventing "autumn cold". The double-season late rice in the southern double-season late rice, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, is vulnerable to the “cold dew wind”. Especially this year, some of the flooded water is delayed in the field, the planting period is postponed, and the risk of “cold dew wind” is greater. Should be highly concerned. Under the premise of grasping the early stage and promoting early development, we must grasp the emergency countermeasures in the later stage. 1 When the "cold dew wind" arrives, the earing field has not yet taken the deep water conservation "fetal"; 2 pairs of slow development, before the "cold dew wind" has entered the beginning of the ear, combined with the foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus appropriate amount "Nine-two O", promote early heading; 3 in the "cold dew", the late rice fields that are heading and flowering should be sprayed with warming agents to improve cold resistance and reduce low temperature hazards. Ministry of Agriculture Rice Expert Guidance Group

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