The use of phospholipids in pig feed can increase feed conversion ratio
The main components of feed soybean phospholipids are oils, phospholipids, choline, unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E. As natural nutritive additives, they have no toxic and side effects. They are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic, and have an emulsification effect. It promotes the metabolism of fat in livestock and poultry, promotes muscle growth, promotes the development of nervous system, and enhances the antioxidant damage in livestock and poultry. The excellent physiological activity and surface activity of soy lecithin have a special important position in the feed industry.
The addition of phospholipids to the feed enhances the overall ability to make and granulate more easily. After the feed is added with phospholipids, it has the aroma of soybean phospholipids, which has an attracting effect on animals, and promotes the application of animal fats such as tallow and lard, which are not easily digested and absorbed, in livestock and poultry feed, promotes animal growth, improves feed utilization, and reduces feed costs. Phospholipids provide easy-to-digest, high-energy soy oils, as well as other nutrients such as vitamins that are easily digested and absorbed. Phospholipids can solve the problem of difficult addition of liquid additives in feeds, preventing automatic grading and dusting of feed.
1. Application of phospholipids in pig feed nutrition
Provide nutrition
Phospholipids contain a large amount of nutrients and energy substances necessary for living organisms. They can not only provide a large amount of energy instead of oil, but also provide nutrients such as choline, inositol, and phosphoric acid, and improve the nutritional value of feed, which is very important for animal growth and development. It is one of the ideal nutritional supplements for feed production [1].
Improve body fat composition and prevent fatty liver
Phospholipid products contain a certain amount of unsaturated fatty acids and are able to protect unsaturated fatty acids in the feed. Unsaturated fatty acids can esterify cholesterol, regulate the transport and deposition of fat and cholesterol in the blood, lower cholesterol, reduce liver pressure, increase fat and linoleic acid content in lean meat, thereby improving body fat composition and improving meat. Palatability and prevention of fatty liver [2,3].
Promote nutrient conversion and increase feed conversion ratio
The addition of phospholipids to pig feed promotes metabolism, improves weight gain and increases feed conversion. In June 1982, the Shanghai Municipal Food Research Institute conducted a test in Huajingliang Farm in Shanghai County, adding 2% of phospholipids to the compound feed of pigs. The results were obvious in terms of daily gain, feed saving and shortened feeding cycle. The effect [4]. Cheng Yubing et al [5] added 1%, 1.5%, 2% of rapeseed phospholipids to the growth and finishing pig diets respectively, and the daily gains increased by 6.31%, 5.16%, and 6.46%, respectively. Reis de Souza et al [6] found that after replacing the tallow with 1.5% soybean phospholipid, the apparent digestibility of total fat in the diet increased by 7.6%, and the apparent digestibility of linoleic acid and linolenic acid was also significantly increased. Li Guihua [7] showed that: 1%, 3%, 5% of rapeseed phospholipids were added to the feed, and the daily weight gain of pigs was 3.6%, 6.4%, and 7.1% higher than that of the control group, respectively. The feed-to-meat ratio was 2.8 lower than that of the control group. %, 4.3%, 5.1%. Li Li [8] showed that adding 5% soy phospholipid to the growing pig diet can increase the daily gain by 7%. Wang Xiaogang et al [9] added 1.5% concentrated soybean phospholipids to the diet of growing fattening pigs, which significantly increased the growth rate and feed remuneration of growing and finishing pigs. Zhang et al. [10] found that increasing the daily addition of soybean phospholipids in the diet, the increase in daily weight gain and the increase in feed intake were parallel, and the ratio of soybean phospholipid to animal fat in the diet was 1: 10 is better, similar to the ratio of soybean phospholipid to butter proposed by Jones et al in 1995: 0.5 to 1:10.
Phospholipids are very important for the growth and development of young animals. Adding phospholipids to piglet feed can promote metabolism and improve weight gain and feed conversion rate [11]. Klans Dietrich Gunther et al [12] showed that the effect of deoiled lecithin on piglet weight gain and feed ratio showed that adding 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% deoiled lecithin to piglet diet would be beneficial. Improve the dietary energy and protein digestion and utilization rate of weaned piglets. When the amount of deoiled lecithin added in piglet feed is more than 0.5%, the weight gain and feed effect of piglets are better, and the metabolic effect of lecithin on nutrient conversion rate is considered to be due to Its fat-promoting and cell biochemical exchange, anabolic and enhanced. Gan Yiling [13] studied the effect of soybean phospholipid on weaned piglets. The results showed that the daily weight gain of piglets added to the soybean phospholipid group increased by 6.8%, and the feed was saved by about 5.4%. Wang Yanqing et al [14] showed that adding 5% soybean phospholipid to the diet of weaned piglets, the daily weight gain of piglets was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the feed-to-meat ratio was significantly reduced, which had the effect of promoting production, in the diet of weaned piglets. The addition of soybean phospholipids can significantly increase the daily gain and feed conversion ratio of weaned piglets, which is consistent with the results of Gan Yiling. Zhang et al. [10] showed that soy lecithin significantly increased the feed conversion rate and energy utilization rate. The daily weight gain of piglets increased with the increase of soybean phospholipid levels, and the increase of daily weight gain was positively correlated with the increase of feed intake. Shi Jianing et al [15] showed that the mixed production of soybean phospholipid powder with corn puffed powder and soybean concentrated phospholipid was more abundant than the corn puffed powder alone, which could increase the weight gain of weaned piglets, reduce the ratio of meat to meat and cost. ,Improve economic efficiency. Xing et al [16] supplemented lysophosphatidylcholine in the diet of weaned piglets containing 5% lard, observed the dry matter, fat-total energy and protein digestibility of the piglets on the 10th day after weaning, and found that 0.02% lysole lecithin was added. The above indicators have an increasing trend.
Promotes fat metabolism, increases meat yield, and reduces fat
Soy lecithin has emulsification and antioxidant capacity, which can effectively regulate the digestion, absorption and transport of lipids. According to the 10th issue of the former Soviet Union Animal Husbandry in 1988, after adding 0.5% to 1% pure linoleic acid to the finishing pig diet, the meat yield increased by 11.6% to 12.8%, and the fat decreased by 7.6%. 15.6%, in addition, soybean phospholipid contains 46% linoleic acid and 4% to 5% linolenic acid. Therefore, adding 1% soybean phospholipid oil or adding 2% soybean phospholipid powder to fattening pig feed can reach 0.5%. The same effect of oleic acid [17].
Improve reproductive performance and survival rate of piglets, prevent disease
Studies at home and abroad have confirmed that sow eggs contain a large amount of phospholipids. Feeding sows containing phospholipids can reduce ovarian fat infiltration, maintain normal ovulation ability, improve egg quality, and prevent re-absorption after implantation of fertilized eggs. High birth rate and improved production efficiency. Studies have reported that feeding 3% soy lecithin-containing feed can make pigs healthy, bright red hair, reduce the prevalence of swine foot and hoof disease, and add soy lecithin to the boar diet to improve its resistance. The ability to stress, and to ensure the quality of semen, improve the value of the use of boars. Ning Fusheng and other studies have shown that soy lecithin has a significant effect on sows' birth rate, survival rate and birth rate [17-19]. In addition, linolenic acid in soybean phospholipids can effectively regulate the production of arachidonic acid, leukotrienes and prostaglandins, promote antibody production, reduce inflammation, and have obvious ability to promote macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation. Shao Xiangxiang [20] found that soybean phospholipids can significantly increase the number and percentage of lymphocytes in the blood of mice after 18 days of soy lecithin administration.
Adding phospholipids to the feed of weaned piglets can effectively reduce the incidence of piglets and greatly increase the survival rate of piglets. Jones et al [21] found that the fat digestibility of soybean oil-containing and tallow diets increased by 3.5% and 9.3%, respectively, after supplementation with soybean phospholipids in weaned piglets, but had no significant effect on diets containing lard and coconut oil. . Deng Yuying et al [22] found that soybean phospholipid feed is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of fat and reduce diarrhea in piglets. When weaned pigs contain 2% soybean oil in their diet, adding 0.5% soybean phospholipid has obvious weight gain effect on weaned piglets. Reduced diarrhea and increased the survival rate of piglets.
2. Conclusions and prospects
With the continuous improvement of living standards, people's quality requirements for meat are getting higher and higher, and natural and efficient feed additives have become the focus of research in the feed industry. As a functional additive, phospholipid can not only improve the body fat composition of pigs, improve the quality of meat, but also improve the growth rate of pigs, save feed, bring huge economic benefits to farmers, and is an ideal feed additive. .
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