Huang Guan Pear Integrated Management Technology
Huang Guanli is the Shijiazhuang Orchard Research Institute of the Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. It uses the early-ripening pear cultivar developed from the cross between Snowflake Pear and the new century. It has the advantages of early maturity, large fruit size, beautiful appearance, superior quality, and strong disease resistance. Shandong, Shanxi, and Shaanxi have developed rapidly. The following is a brief introduction of its high-yielding, high-quality cultivation techniques for reference.
First, improve the soil, fine planting. In order to improve the survival rate of pear trees and promote the early growth of the seedlings, it is necessary to fertilize the planting holes before planting. The planting hole is 1 meter square. When digging the hole, the topsoil and the bottom soil are piled separately. The top soil of the hole is first filled with 20-30 cm thick topsoil (combined with organic fertilizer, and the loam is mixed), and then the seedlings are planted in the hole. After the plant is filled with solid, full of water. Fill the buds at 80 centimeters or so and dry them. After drying, place 50 centimeters long self-made plastic bags on the upper branches (5 centimeters of growth space at the top) to preserve the water and promote bud early growth. At the same time, prevent beetles. Food bud damage. The bag is removed when the buds reach 3-5 cm. Afterwards, the method of digging trenches, changing soil and fertilizing the outside of the tree crown is adopted every year. After 3-4 years, all the garden soil will be replaced again to improve the soil.
Second, scientific fertilization
(1) Addition of organic fertilizers: Base fertilizer is applied every September, and the quality of chicken manure that has been treated in the factory is mainly used, supplemented with chopped crop stalks and appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer, and the amount of fertilization per mu (1 mu = 1/15 ha) is 2.5-3 tons (small trees are reduced) chicken manure, 500-800 kilograms of crop straws, 30-50 kilograms of urea and diammonium phosphate, which can be combined with the change of land.
(2) Chemical fertilizer applied: On the basis of re-application of base fertilizer, apply chemical fertilizer into soil of 20-30 cm, and then pour small water, or fertilize the fertilizer into soil. The benefits of shallow application of chemical fertilizers are not only beneficial to the absorption of shallow roots, but also preventing loss of fat fractions. Before June, the main nitrogen fertilizers were applied before germination (mid-March mid-March) and long-term growth (May-Mid-Year), and 250-500 grams of urea were applied to each plant (according to age and body size). And then). In the 7-8 months of each year, a 0.3% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed 3-4 times every 15 days in combination with pest control to promote shoot ripening and flower bud differentiation.
Third, a reasonable intercropping to improve the efficiency of the previous period. In order to make full use of the space and fertility in orchards, intercropping is carried out when the tree crown is small after 3-4 years of planting. The intercropping is mainly based on sweet potatoes and soybeans. These crops have a low growth height and do not compete for space with the fruit trees. Poor conditions require less symbiotic pests and diseases.
Fourth, slowing the trend and promoting fruit. Huangguanli saplings have strong growth potential, high germination rate and branching force, and the saplings have head-growth habits and must properly control the tree vigor. The main measures are:
(1) Water control: In 1 to 3 years after planting, according to the conditions of soil moisture and precipitation, timely irrigating water to promote sapling growth. From the fourth year, control watering. Generally, after pouring enough frozen water last year, it will be watered from the end of April to the first half of May in the second year. Watering will be done 3-4 times depending on the situation in other periods. In this way, the trees are prosperous through proper drought control (in this period, the tree body has basically formed), promoting flowering and high yield.
(2) Pulling the shoots to slow down: For the shoots on the saplings, pull the shoots according to the circumstances, and pull the shoots on the main lateral branches when they are 2-3 years old. The angle should be around 70; for the auxiliary raising branches, it should be born within 1-2 years. When all levels are leveled, it promotes short and medium fruiting shoots. Because the saplings have the habit of growing on their heads, two pull branches are needed when necessary. The first time branches are pulled to open the base corner, and after 1-2 years, the waist angle is pulled back.
(3) Ring peeling: This method is carried out in the 3-4 year tree. When the overgrowth of trees is exfoliated from late May to mid-June, use a sharp knife to neatly peel the bark about 5 cm wide along the smooth main area under the first main branch, and then pour the skin back to the original. Place it with a plastic wrap and heal it to remove the dressing.
Fifth, cultivate a reasonable tree. Huang Guan Pear can be used to improve the sparse layer of small crowns, also known as a single layer of a heart-shaped tree, is divided into 2 layers, leaving 3-4 main branches at the base, the second layer of 2-3 main branches or large fruiting branches ,Interlayer spacing 1-1.2 meters. Between the layers can be left 1-2 large and medium-sized fruit groups (auxiliary branches), and flatten it. The upper main branch shows 1/3-1/2 of the lower main branch and the tree height is controlled at about 3 meters. The saplings are mainly lightly sheared and slow-released, and the main lateral branches are lightly cut, with particular attention being paid to avoid excessive peripheral branches, resulting in the outward movement of the resulting parts and influencing the ventilation and light transmission; in summer, the main parts are pulled, engraved, twisted, and taken. Other ways such as slow promotion of flowers and prevent baldness in the rear part of the shoots.
Sixth, strict thinning and fruit thinning. Huang Guan Pear has a high natural fruit setting rate under the conditions of sufficient pollination variety (each inflorescence can sit 3--4 fruits). In order to increase the fruit and increase the sugar content, the fruit must be thinned. Huangguan Pear is a large fruit type, leaving an inflorescence every 20 centimeters for thinning and thinning fruit, leaving 1-2 fruit per inflorescence (mainly 1 fruit), so that the single fruit weight can reach 250 grams or more, including sugar The amount of more than 12%, a significant increase in fruit rate.
Seven, fruit bagging. Double-layer paper bags are preferred, and bagging time is preferably 45-60 days after flowering. Spray insecticides and bactericides before bagging, spray carefully and focus on spraying the fruits.
Eight, pest control. Huang Guan Pian is less diseased and is more resistant to spotted leaf disease than black spot disease. Can be used before flowering with 80% of the students "M-45" 800-1000 times liquid, during the growth of the late stage with 6% Le plough 1000-1500 times or 40% Fuxing 8000-15000 times and other control. Insect pests mainly include pear wood worms and yellow mealworms, which can be controlled by 1.8% Qi Qisu 5000-6000 times liquid, 20% imidacloprid 2000-2500 times liquid, and 5% high efficiency cypermethrin 1500-2000 times liquid. In addition, attention should be paid to spraying 3-5 bymide lime sulfur after pruning in winter gardens and before germination.
Nine, appropriate harvest. Huangguanli is a mature variety and matured in mid-August in Shijiazhuang, Hebei. Pay attention not to harvest too late, otherwise prone to flesh softening, browning and other phenomena, is not conducive to fruit storage.
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