The new technology of watermelon hybrid seed production

First, the choice of system of production choice for many years have not been planted Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, tobacco and other crops in the field, the first crop is a suitable crop of corn, alfalfa, wheat, beans and so on. Farming is suitable for loam soils with high fertility, high organic matter content, and neutral pH. Farming fields should be separated from melon crop fields by 500 to 1,000 meters. Second, the preparation of the parent seed watermelon seed production must be the parent species seed (system) characteristics, purity of not less than 99.7%, germination rate of not less than 90% of the national standard of a parental seed. The parent seed is divided into the parent and the parent seed. The parent seed is divided into large seed, medium seed, and small seed. The average parental seed size of seeds is 0.3-0.35 kg per 667 m2, 0.2-0.25 kg of medium grain seeds, and 0.1-0.15 kg of small seeds. Father's seed is generally about 20 grams per 667 square meters. The male and female parent seed ratio is 1:20. Third, the planting of the soil in the northern Xinjiang in the spring when the soil temperature of 5 centimeters is stable above 15 degrees Celsius, about from the end of April to the beginning of May. The father's seeding should be sown 7 to 10 days earlier than the mother's sowing. This not only ensures that the parents meet at the flowering stage, but also determines the purity of the father's flowering period. Planting spacing varies depending on the species, large fruit-shaped females are appropriately broadcast and small fruit-shaped mothers are appropriately seeded. The paternal seeding should be planted in a field ridge with a clear distinction from the female parent, with a spacing of 20-30 cm. Seeding is generally broadcast on the sowing film with a plastic film after being watered. Each hole is sown with 1 to 2 seeds and sowing depth is 1.5 to 2 cm. At the same time, a small amount of carbofuran or other agents for killing underground pests are placed in the sowing hole. When sowing, make sure the seed is in full contact with the soil, and cover the ground with finely divided dry soil. Fourth, Dingmiao, pruning seedlings after emergence when the melon seedlings grow to 3 to 4 true leaves when the Dingmiao, leave a plant per hole, case of missing seedlings left Shuangmiao. When the melon seedling grows to reach the vine, the male parent leaves two to three vines per plant. The remaining side branches are all wiped clean, and the male flowers on the vines are all retained to facilitate flower pollination. The female parent leaves one main vine per plant and all the other side branches are removed. At the same time, the male flowers on the vines are all wiped out and only the female flowers are left to cross pollinate. When the female parent flower ovary has been pollinated and the fruit grows to the size of the egg, the pruning is stopped. The pruning should be carried out on a sunny day, and the operation of the rainy days can make the plant wounds infest the germs. During the operation, scrubbing hands and utensils with medical alcohol and trisodium phosphate can kill germs and prevent transmission of the virus. 5. Artificial cross-pollination 1. Identification of paternal purity During the flowering of paternal plants, the male parent was carefully identified. All the mixed plants with different plant types, different leaf types, and different ovary types were all removed to ensure that the paternal plants were pure. Only cross pollination can be conducted. 2. The pollination time is generally pollinated when the female flowers open in mid-June each year. The suitable temperature for female flower opening is 22-24°C, and pollination time is 6:30-11:00 in the morning. The opening time of female flowers depends on the weather temperature of the previous day. Female flowers bloom early in the morning when the temperature is high, and female flowers open later in the day when the temperature is low. 3. Cap isolation of watermelon is a frequent cross pollination crops, usually male and female plants with different flowers. Therefore, in the past afternoon, the female parent of the breeding area was searched. All the female flower buds were clearly green-yellow and showed a loose shape. The female ovary development bud was the female flower to be opened the next day, and the female flower to be opened was made of homemade red. The paper caps are tight so it is easy to pollinate the next day. For ovary with bisexual flowers in some years, the red cap must be placed after the first day of the afternoon when the stamens in the female ovary corolla are emasculated. Parents of the male father who are to be open on the second day should also be trapped in red paper hats. The paper cap should be stuck tightly to prevent the wind from blowing off. 4. Male flowers picking Male parents collect male flowers before 6:30 in the morning. After picking, male flowers are placed in a closed container, placed in a cool place, and ready for pollination at any time. Be careful not to pick male flowers that were opened the previous day. 5. Artificial hybrid pollination The position of the female flowers pollinated by the hybrid watermelon is generally suitable for pollination on the second and third female flowers. The fruit-set section is low, the fruit production is low, and the moderate fruit yield is high, and do not pollinate female flowers with low node. Peel off the male corolla of the male father, reveal the stamens, find the mother's female flower of the cap on the previous day in the mother's Honda area, take off the red paper cap, peel off the corolla of the female flower, and apply the male flower anther gently and evenly. Around the stigma of the female flower, the more pollens are applied around the stigma, the higher the seed production. Generally, a male flower can grant 2 to 3 female flowers. After applying, use a white paper hat made in advance to put the corolla and stigma of the female flower on the whole, and at the same time pollinate the female pedicel or the female flower close to the internodes with a string, iron wire, etc. after pollination to ensure the difference Is it a cross-pollinated fruit? When pollinating, pay attention to the female flowers in the female female flower that have bisexual flowers or incomplete emasculation. The female flowers that have not been capped the previous day will be removed from the ovary and cross pollination cannot be performed to prevent affecting the seed quality. The cross-pollinated watermelon ovary quickly expanded after 3 to 4 days, and when it reached the size of the egg, the fruit of the strain was already sitting and the pollination could be stopped. In general, each female parent will have a pollination fruit, and at the same time, the non-pollinated fruit will be removed. When the parental pollination of the hybrid watermelon system is completed, the parent of the whole field shall be immediately eradicated completely, and it is strictly prohibited that the male parent plant retains seed and ensures the legal rights of the breeder. 6. Mark the cross-fertilized fruit for the second time. When the pollinated fruit grows and develops to the size of the bowl mouth, the mother fruit is turned into a melon, in order to facilitate the uniform lightness and normal development of the fruit. At the same time, the cross-pollination fruit is carefully examined and there are fruits on the fruit. Pollen-marked, with a paint or marker on the hybrid fruit for secondary marking, re-confirmation is artificial hybrid pollination fruit. Fruits that are not marked with “marks” or unclear fruits are strictly removed and removed together with the guarana to ensure that there is no “self-inflicted fruit” in the field. VI. Seed harvesting When the hybrid pollination fruit has matured and the seeds in the fruit have reached full physiology and morphology, they are harvested. 1. Harvest the fruit and make a mark on the secondary mark of the hybrid fruit in the farming area. When harvesting, all fruits with different fruit shapes, different skin colors, different stripe colors, different shapes, and plants that do not have the characteristics of mothers, as well as diseased and rotten fruits, are all removed to prevent mixing. For the hybrid fruits with the same characteristics as the female parent, uniform harvesting, stacking, identification, and melon-breaking seeds were selected. 2. Break the melon and take the seed, moderately ferment the stacked hybrid fruits in the field, break them one by one, carefully observe and identify each section of the fruit, and carry out the reconciliation of fruits of different shades, seed sizes, colors, and shapes. Clean up once to prevent mixing of mixed and variable fruit seeds. After the identification, the uniform hybrid fruit pods were dipped into the plastic container together with the seeds, and the guava juice together with the seeds was stored in a plastic container or a woven bag and naturally fermented in a cool environment for 48 hours. It is forbidden to perform under hot, hot sunlight during fermentation so as not to affect the seed germination rate. After the natural watermelon fermentation process, the hybrid watermelon seed can kill all or part of the germs of the seed epidermis, which reduces the possibility of seed colonization. At the same time, after the fermentation process, the seed and the melon seedling are automatically separated, which is beneficial to the rinsing of the seed. Rinse seeds with tap water and clean water. Do not use rinsing water or irrigation water in the channels. When rinsing the seeds, the guava, wolfberry seeds, and the impurities that have been separated are all rinsed clean, the mucus on the surface of the seeds is rinsed by hand, rinsed with clean water, and the water is filtered. Note: For picking, fermentation, cleaning, drying and other processes, the utensils used for the operation must be plastic or wood-and-bamboo porcelain products. The use of metal utensils is strictly forbidden to contaminate the seed skin and affect the appearance of the seeds. VII. Disinfection and drying of seed drugs In recent years, due to the occurrence of bacterial diseases, especially the damage of watermelon fruit rot, it has attracted high attention at home and abroad. The seed carrier is a pathogenic route of transmission. Therefore, At present, seed dressing methods have been newly adopted for melon seed production at home and abroad. Specifically, disinfectant and water were formulated at a ratio of 1:80. The ratio of disinfectant to wet seed was 3:1. The seeds that have been fermented and washed with clean water are soaked in a plastic gauze bag or directly into a container containing the disinfectant for 15 minutes. When immersed, the seeds must be agitated to ensure that the seeds are fully sterilized. Exposed to the drying on the plastic gauze screen, diligently turn over the sun, in order to facilitate the uniform drying of seeds. Seed disinfection solution can be reused 1 or 2 times, but it must be effective within 1 hour. In the process of seed disinfection, operators must wear glasses, plastic gloves and aprons to prevent harm to the human body. The drying seeds shall be placed on wooden sieves made of plastic gauze, 1 meter from the ground. In the hot sunny days, drying for 2 to 3 days, the seeds can be dried to safe moisture, to meet the national standard 8% moisture. After the seeds are dried, the seeds are stored in sacks, cloth bags or woven bags. At the same time, signs are placed inside and outside each bag to indicate the variety, bag number, account name, quantity, and year for sale. Seeds should not be placed in a humid environment to prevent moisture absorption. Note: When drying seeds, do not place on the plastic film, ironware products and cement floor to prevent the high-temperature blasting will burn the seed embryo burns, resulting in loss of seed germination. Appropriate drying objects are well-ventilated articles such as plastic gauze screens, bamboo screens, canvases, and sheets. Eight, seed inspection Melon seeds test according to GB16715.1 melon standard implementation, it is divided into field purity cultivation identification and indoor identification of two parts. The field purity identification of cucurbits is further divided into ovary identification and fruit shape identification. Indoor identification of germination rate, moisture, clarity test. The national standard for watermelon seeds states that the purity of watermelon hybrids should not be less than 98%, the secondary purity should not be less than 95%, the germination rate should not be less than 90%, the moisture content should not exceed 8%, and the clarity should not be less than 99%. The hybrid watermelon seeds can be sorted and packed into the market after they have passed the identification test and reached the national seed quality standards. 9. Diseases and pests that are prone to occur in seed production include: damping-off, blight, anthracnose, downy mildew, blight, bacterial angular spot, and powdery mildew. Insect pests include: flies, golden worms, cockroaches, aphids, whitefly, red spider, fruit fly, leaf miner, etc. Therefore, in the whole process of seed production, we must pay attention to the occurrence of pests and diseases in different periods, diligent observation, early detection, early prevention and control, and biological, physical and chemical methods for comprehensive prevention and control to ensure that the hybrid watermelon seed production work is completed on schedule. Author: Xinjiang Hami Melon Research Center

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