Techniques of seedlings growing in vegetable base in summer
Plug seedling is a kind of modern seedling raising system with peat and vermiculite as the base, using holes in different holes as the container, using precision seeding, and then placing it in the facility for environmental regulation and cultivation. One seed and one seed at the time of seeding, one seed and one seedling at the time of seedling emergence, the roots and the substrate are closely intertwined, and the roots and stems are in the shape of a large plug and a small plug, which is very suitable for industrialized and specialized production of vegetable seedlings. Combined with production practices, the key points for vegetable seedlings in the summer are summarized as follows:
I. Nursery facilities
Vegetable seedlings in the summer base tray seedlings should be selected in the high dry terrain, irrigation and drainage is convenient, well-ventilated and close to the water source of the plot. In addition, shade and rainproof facilities shall be installed on the seedbeds, and the middle awning or small shed bracket shall be used to cover the shade nets and insect nets, and the plastic film shall be covered during the rain, which can effectively reduce the high temperature and heavy rain in summer to the vegetable substrate plug seedlings. Negative Effects.
Second, seed processing
1. Select seed drying. Before the seeds are used, they must be cleaned to remove impurities, pod seeds, and pests and seeds. After the seeds have been selected, they should be properly sunburned, but care should be taken not to expose them to metalware or concrete.
2. Seed disinfection. Commonly used disinfection methods include pharmaceutical treatment and soaking in warm soup. The chemical treatment can usually be soaked with 10% disodium hydrogenphosphate solution at room temperature for 20 minutes or soaked with 0.15% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes. Remove and rinse with clean water. Soaking in warm soup is done by soaking in hot water at a constant temperature of 55°C. The seeds are first immersed in room temperature water, then poured into hot water, and the water is continuously stirred to keep the water temperature at 55°C for 10 minutes.
3. Germination. The high temperature in summer is not conducive to the germination of seeds, especially for cool vegetables, to create low temperature conditions for germination. During the germination process, the “three guarantees†are mainly performed, namely, heat preservation, moisturizing, and oxygen preservation. Fruit and vegetable vegetables can undergo temperature-changing exercise and low-temperature exercise during germination, which can promote flower bud differentiation and enhance resistance.
Third, the matrix ratio
The matrix requires strong water retention and fertility, good air permeability, and a special nursery substrate should be purchased. It can also be based on the ratio of peat: vermiculite: perlite = 3:1:1. Into a group, there is water leakage between the fingers and can not drop, cover the film stuffy for 10 hours.
Fourth, rational sowing
The selection of plug trays uses 50-hole or 72-hole plug trays for eggplant and melon vegetables, and 72-hole plug trays for cabbages and green leafy vegetables. The sowing fruit planting depth is 0.8-1 cm, the melon vegetable is 1-1.2 cm, the cabbage and green leafy vegetables are 0.5-1 cm, 1 seed per hole is sown, and the seedlings are covered with plastic film after sowing.
V. Seedling management
1. Temperature management. In summer, the temperature of vegetables is high and the temperature regulation is relatively difficult. After covering with shade nets, the temperature in the nursery facilities can be appropriately reduced. In the management of nursery, attention should be paid to the change of the temperature of the matrix in the plug tray. When covering the plastic film, the skirt film should be removed to enhance ventilation. The shade net can be opened on a sunny day without rain, ensuring that there is a certain temperature difference between day and night in the nursery process.
2. Moisture management. Vegetable seedlings are easy to grow when seedlings are planted in summer, which is closely related to improper water management in the nursery. Substrate plug seedlings have a weak buffering capacity. They should be watered, and each time they are poured. After cotyledons are unearthed, they are watered according to the seedling condition and the substrate moisture content. If the amount of water is large, it is easy to cause leggy.
3. Lighting management. Summer shade seedlings are generally covered by shade nets, which play an important role in mitigating the radiation hazards of strong light, but it does not mean that shade nets have been used throughout the nursery season. In the morning and evening when the cloudy and light conditions are not so strong, the shade net should be removed to ensure that the seedlings receive sufficient sunlight, which is conducive to nurturing strong seedlings.
VI. Pest Control
The diseases that are prone to occur during the summer nursery of vegetables are damping-off disease, blight, virus disease, etc. The prone pests are aphids, cabbage caterpillars, etc., and vegetable farmers should pay attention to spraying and prevention.
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