Prevention and cure of swine toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasite protozoan disease caused by parasitism in a variety of animal cells.
I. Pathogens
Toxoplasma gondii varies in its host body due to different stages of its development. It is divided into five types throughout its development: trophozoites, cysts, schizonts, gametophytes, and oocysts. The trophozoites and cysts are formed in the intermediate host (human, pig, dog, cat, etc.) and the schizonts, gametes, and oocysts are formed in the terminal host (cat).
Second, Epidemiology
Toxoplasmosis occurs in multiple pigs, and the disease does not have obvious seasonality. However, in July, August and September, the high temperature, stifling heat, and humid summer days are frequent and most of them are distributed. The disease can generally be infected by the following infection routes: 1 through the placenta, uterus, birth canal, colostrum infection; 2 by eating worms, cyst-contaminated beverages, drinking water, or preying on swine plague Such as infection; 3 infection through the respiratory tract and skin wounds.
Third, clinical symptoms
The body temperature of the sick pig rose to 40.5 to 42°C, and it was missed for 7 to 10 days. Reduce or eat food, feces dry mucus (diarrhea more often seen in piglets), and some constipation, lower jaw alternately. Difficulty in breathing. In severe cases, it is a dog sitting breathing, nasal discharge, and sometimes coughing. Some pigs vomited. Inguinal lymphadenopathy occurred at the end of the ear, with erythema and small hemorrhages in the nasal and lower extremities, the medial side of the femoral head, and the abdomen. At the end, lying in the ground, breathing was extremely difficult, and body temperature dropped to death. Pregnant sows mainly exhibit high fever, food waste, abortion after a few days of lethargy, stillbirth or weak infants.
Fourth, pathological changes
The liver is swollen, slightly stiff, with large necrotic lesions and bleeding points. The lungs were slightly swollen and the stroma was widened. There was a large point of bleeding from the needle tip to the miliary site and gray necrosis, and a large amount of foamy fluid came out from the cut surface. The kidneys and spleens have gray and white necrosis lesions and a small amount of bleeding spots. The cecum and tuberculosis have a small amount of ulcers in the large dents of soybeans. Gastric bleeding, ulcers. Systemic lymphadenopathy, grayish white, moist section, there are corn gray or yellow necrosis and different sizes of bleeding.
V. Treatment plan
1. Sulfamethoxine 12 trimethoprim, 30 to 70 mg per kilogram of body weight, 24 hours, intramuscular injection of 3 to 5 days, careful selection of severely ill pigs.
2. Sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim, 30 to 70 mg per kilogram of body weight, 24 hours, intramuscular injection of 3 to 5 days.
3. Sulfamethoxacillin, 70 mg/kg body weight, plus trimethoprim or trimethoprim, 14 mg/kg body weight, orally 2 times per day for 3 to 5 days.
4. Sulfamethoxazole, 30 mg per kg body weight, plus trimethoprim, 10 mg per kg body weight, the dose is the former plus the latter, orally once a day for 3 to 5 days.
5. Compound sulfadiazine sodium, 5-20 mg per kilogram of body weight, 12 hours 1 times, the general condition can choose this medicine.
6. Treat severely ill pigs with coping therapy, such as transfusion fever, and use antibiotics to prevent secondary infection. After the condition is controlled, treatment should continue for 1 to 2 days.
Sixth, prevention measures
1. Keep the pig house clean and airy. Cats are not allowed to enter the pens and cat feces are not allowed to contaminate pig feed and drinking water.
2. Pay attention to doing a good job in environmental sanitation, do a good job of rat-proof and rodent control in pig pens, prohibit pigs from eating rats or other animal carcasses, and prohibit the use of slaughters or garbage, raw broth water to feed pigs, so as to prevent pigs from eating diseases and worms. Animals nourishes and cysts and infects.
3. Abortion The fetus and feces also contain trophozoites and should be strictly disinfected.
4. Do a good job in the removal and regular disinfection of pig houses, feeding tools, litter, and pollutants, and use 1% of Su water, 3% of caustic soda, and 20% of lime water.
5. Each day, the pigs are fed with more than 100 grams of Folium Cyanata and fed for 5 to 7 days, which has the effect of preventing the disease and shortening the course of the disease.
6. Drug prevention. Sulfamethoxy hexamethylene and other additives are added to the feed or oral compound tablets, 60 to 100 mg per kilogram of body weight, once a day for 5 days or more, for the first time.
Freeze drying, also known as lyophilisation or cryodesiccation, is a low temperature dehydration process[1] that involves freezing the product, lowering pressure, then removing the ice by sublimation.[2] This is in contrast to dehydration by most conventional methods that evaporate water using heat.[3]
Freeze drying results in a high quality product because of the low temperature used in processing.[1] The original shape of the product is maintained and quality of the rehydrated product is excellent.[4] Primary applications of freeze drying include biological (e.g., bacteria and yeasts), biomedical (e.g., surgical transplants), food processing (e.g., coffee) and preservation.[1]
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