New progress in brain-computer interface: It is expected to establish a high-speed neural broadband interface
Recently, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has made new progress in the brain-computer interface project. A startup called Paradromics, which is involved in the project, said that it is now working on a way to connect the brain to a computer. The new technology will enable data transmission at gigabits per second to create a high-speed neural broadband interface.
Earlier in July, Paradromics received $18 million from the US Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency to develop artificial implants. Now, the company said it expects to begin clinical trials of the device in 2021.
Recently, the company focused on developing a "cortex modem" to restore the language expression capabilities of people who lost their ability to talk, such as helping the physicist Stephen Hawking's Lou Gehrig patient.
In this regard, Paradromics CEO Matt Angle said: "When you connect your brain to your computer, you can connect your brain to any hardware configuration of your computer, such as voice, video, etc. Medically, doctors can't easily The eyes of the people re-visit the light. However, by replacing the neural connections of the human body with the brain-computer interface, the troubled life can be significantly improved."
At present, the latest developments in brain-computer interface technology are that patients can use the brain's consciousness to control prostheses through nerve implants, and the technique even gives the user a slight feeling of contact with the prosthesis. At the same time, in the field of visual research, there has been a retinal implant that can achieve visual "recovery" of patients with retinal pigmentation through brain-computer interface technology.
But a major problem in the field is how to quickly send more information to the brain, in other words, how to increase the bandwidth of signal transmission.
The most advanced technology is now embodied in a system called the Utah array, which installs 128 electrodes in the brain at a time.
But Paradromics hopes that when the Utah array is deployed to dozens of electrodes, the number of independent channels can reach hundreds of thousands. In this regard, Angle said: "If 100 channels can reach the current level, then 100,000 or even one million channels can do very much."
To this end, the company is developing the Neuroinput and Output Bus (NIOB) to implement a brain modem capable of reading and stimulating the brain. NIOB uses a scalable modular design that can hold approximately 50,000 ultra-thin microwires per cm wide chip placed on the brain.
Among them, each microwire connects 3-5 individual neurons, so NIOB can realize signal transmission by interacting with the electrical activity of neurons. Each time a neuron emits a signal, it emits an electrical pulse that is recorded by the microwire. Through the microwire, the brain can exchange data information with the computer.
It is understood that Brown University and Columbia University are also jointly conducting research on this project.
It is worth noting that in order to achieve the desired signal strength, the current microfilament must be placed in the brain, which means that the implantation of NIOB requires an extremely high risk operation.
In this regard, Angel said that although brain surgery is invasive, people need it.
With the step-by-step advancement of the project, the brain-computer interface technology will become more mature, but the author believes that it is not preferable to adopt an invasive method. In the future, new technologies and other related technologies can be integrated to realize a non-invasive brain-computer interface to realize technology. Perfect and reduce the damage to patients.
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