Mai Xia Summer Soybean Cultivation Technology

The technology of wheat straw summer soybean cultivation is based on mechanical harvesting of wheat and returning all or part of the straw to the field, integrating protective mechanical tillage, post-emergence or post-emergence chemical weed control, pest control, chemical regulation, Rhizobium inoculation, etc. Technical supporting cultivation technology system. With the continuous improvement of the supporting agricultural machinery, the traditional cultivation technique of summer wheat soybeans has become the main cultivation pattern of winter wheat-summer soybean in the Huanghuai Sea region. The technology is divided into live-killing technology, no-tillage and straw-covering technology, and sowing shallow spinning technology.

Increased production and efficiency: Compared with conventional techniques, the application of wheat stubble production techniques can increase the production of soybeans by about 10%, increase the utilization rate of water and fertilizer by more than 10%, increase the income of mu by more than RMB 60, and increase soil fertility, soil erosion. Reduce and avoid environmental pollution caused by straw burning.

Technical points: Wheat straw treatment. The stubble harvesting technology uses a combine harvester to harvest wheat, and adds a straw smashing and scattering device to uniformly disperse the straw after it is crushed. The stubble height of wheat remains below 20 cm, and the length of straw after crushed is below 10 cm. If no scattering device is installed on the combine harvester, the hammer can be used to crush the straw 1 or 2 times; The sowing technique does not require wheat straw length and wheat stub height. The sowing technique uses a combine harvester to harvest wheat. The wheat stubble height is less than 20 cm. The straw is baled and transported out of the field, followed by a hammer claw mill. Crush 1 or 2 times.

sowing. 1. Selection: Use high-yield, high-quality, and dense-seed soybean varieties. Select seeds to ensure seed germination. The seeding rate per acre is between 4 and 5 kilograms, and 15,000 strains of seedlings (thickness-enhanced varieties can be appropriately increased). 2. Appropriate period of early sowing: After wheat harvest, grabbed planting, should not be late as soon as possible. 3. Seeding: The stubble direct seeding technology adopts mechanical sowing, precision seeding, ditching, fertilizing, sowing, and covering the soil once. The spacing is 40 centimeters and the sowing depth is 3 to 5 centimeters. The no-tillage and straw-covering precision seeding technology adopts the wheat stubborn soybean no-tillage tillage sowing machine sowing, precision on-demand, pulling straw, ditching, fertilizing, sowing, covering soil, covering straw once, spacing 40 cm, sowing depth 3 to 5 cm. The sowing and shallow spinning technique uses artificial seeding and fertilizer; in order to ensure uniformity, seed spreading and fertilizer spreading are all completed in two parts; attention should be paid to sowing and applying fertilizer separately; after sprinkling, use a rotary cultivator to rotate it shallowly and depth is 5 cm. Left and right; the rotavator behind the belt with a repressor or wood to suppress it. 4. Fertilization: Mushi seed fertilizer (compound fertilizer N:P:K=15:15:15) 10 to 15 kg, or in the former Qiang (wheat) soil preparation, increase the application of phosphate fertilizer based on the normal amount of wheat fertilizer. 10 kg, 10 kg potassium fertilizer, can also be applied in cultivating soil in the combination of soybean branches. 5. Seed dressing: Inoculate the amount of 105 to 106 Rhizobium bacteria per soybean seed, dilute the inoculant by adding water or soil, and mix seed so that the rhizobium will adhere to the surface of the seed. Within hours).

Field management. 1. Weed control: First, before emergence, the soil surface shall be closed with chemical herbicides such as dole and acetochlor, and the sprayer shall be installed on the sowing machine when sowing seedlings are used for the precision sowing technique. After completion of mulching. The second is to treat the stems and leaves with herbicides such as high-efficiency herbicides (grass weeds) and tiger weeds (brid weeds) after emergence. 2. Pest control: Do a good job in the prevention and control of pests such as alfalfa, bean hopper, black fly, aphid, caribou, pupa, bridge-building insect pests, soybean root rot and cyst nematode diseases. 3. Chemical regulation: High-fertilizer plots can be sprayed with paclobutrazol and other plant growth regulators at the early flowering stage to prevent the lodging of soybeans. Low fertility plots can be sprayed with a small amount of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boron, and zinc micro-fertilizer on the flourishing stage and grain stage to prevent late defermentation of aging. 4. Timely irrigation and drainage: During the flowering period and drum grain period, the soybeans will be watered in case of severe drought, and they will be drained in time when the rainy season meets. 5. Timely harvest: When the leaves yellow off, dry skin, shake the plants have a sound when the harvest.

Attentions: 1. Weeds should be prevented and controlled in the case of direct weed killing and no-tillage mulching and sowing of weeds in many fields, and it is easy to breed root rot and earthworms and other underground diseases and insect pests. 2. The sowing shallow-spin technology has high requirements for field wheat stubble and should be strictly controlled within 20 cm.

Appropriate area: Huanghuai Haimai, bean two ripe areas.

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