Litchi flowers and fruits

One, litchi physiological fruit drop reason

In the process of fruit growth and development, Litchi fruit peeling may occur at any time, but there is a relatively concentrated shedding period. According to years of research observation, there are several more concentrated physiological peak fruit drop period:

The first physiological peak of fruit drop: The rate of fruit drop was about 50% after 7 to 12 days. Mainly caused by poor pollination and fertilization.

The peak of the second physiological fruit drop: When the endosperm is degraded and disappeared about 25 days after the female flower withered, the disappearance of the endosperm affects the normal development of the embryo, and the imbalance of endogenous hormones in the fruit causes the fruit to fall off.

The third peak of physiological fruit drop: After 50 days of female flower withering, the pulp flies from the base of the seed, about 1/3 of the seed is the rapid growth and development of the pulp, which requires a lot of nutrients. In addition, the summer shoots begin to germinate, the roots grow vigorously, causing vegetative growth and reproductive growth disorders causing fruit drop.

The coke core cultivars, such as glutinous rice cultivars, have a peak of fruit drop about 40 days after the female flower withered, mainly due to embryo abortion.

Pre-harvest fruit drop: Usually, the fruit is fully developed before 10-15 days before harvest, and the fruit grows rapidly and gains weight. It needs a lot of nutrients, and some varieties will cause fruit drop under insufficient nutrient supply or adverse environmental conditions. In addition, the sugar content of fruits increased during this period, such as continuous rain or long-term showers that caused a large number of cracks:

The infestation of diseases and insects during flowering and fruit development is also one of the important causes of fruit drop and fruit cracking, especially the damage caused by pests such as Phytophthora capsici, Anthracnose, Litchi septempunctata, and Lycium barbarum.

Second, the main technical measures for strong flowers and fruits

According to the conditions required for the normal development of litchi fruit and the reasons and reasons for the peak fruit drop, it is necessary to take effective measures to solve the undesirable conditions and factors that may occur in the fruit development period in order to increase the fruit setting rate. To achieve the purpose of high yield.

1. Develop a robust spike

Strengthen the cultivation and management of litchi and cultivate the timely and robust results of the parent shoots of autumn shoots, lay the foundation for flowering and fruiting, and cultivate a short, strong, well-developed and high proportion of female flower spikes through a series of techniques for flowering and controlling shoots. This is the premise of Litchi Baoguo. Therefore, on the basis of carrying out and strengthening the conventional cultivation and management measures, we should do a good job of cultivating the results of the mother tree and controlling the tip and promoting the flower. In the panicle growth stage, “composite nucleotides” and “litchi preserved fruits” are used to create favorable conditions for fruit protection.

2. Control flowering and flowering

Litchi florets have large amounts of flowers and flowers, and the proportion of female flowers is small. The flowering period is more concentrated. However, due to different varieties, different growth and development conditions and conditions, the flowering period and the amount of flowers are very different, so the adjustment of the growth and development status of the tree through cultivation techniques is adjusted. The flowering period, the control of flowering amount, and the increase in the proportion of female flowers can both reduce nutrient consumption and promote the development of female flowers and small fruits, and can also reduce the influence of bad weather on pollination and fertilization, and help increase the fruit setting rate. The main measures are as follows:

(1) Regulate the pumping period of the untimed (result mother). The result was that the maternal branches were drawn prematurely. In addition to the tendency to germinate the winter shoots, the spikes were large, the flowers were more, the flowering period was earlier, and the female flower ratio was lower. If the fruit of the autumn shoots is too late, it will not affect flower bud differentiation. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate timely and robust autumn shoots. Generally, the result tree should be cultivated for the second autumn shoot, and the young fruit tree should be cultivated for three autumn shoots. The non-shooting shoots of early-maturing varieties should be in late August-early September, the middle-maturing varieties should be in the middle-late September and the late-maturing varieties should be end of September. It's ideal to get out in early October.

(2) artificial flower spikes or short-cut spikes are one of the main measures to adjust the flowering period and flower volume. For early and medium-maturing long-eared panicle varieties, they can grow in flower spikes; when they are below cm, the panicles are removed from the base and the panicles grow again. They can be picked 1 or 2 times. The short-cut of the late-maturing varieties can be cut at the top 1/2 when the spikes grow to 5 to 10 cm. Or cut off the top at 8 to 10 cm when the spike grows to more than 10 cm.

(3) The control of panicles by chemical drugs can make the leaflets with leaf spikes fall off, or killing some panicles can reduce the amount of flowers, increase the proportion of female flowers and delay the flowering period properly. The treatment method is to spray the spikes once with a “Lichee-specific flower-stimulating agent” (40 kg per packet) or with a “leaflet” (20 kg per bottle) when flowering 3-4 cm. once. For long-growth panicle varieties (such as Zizixiao, Shuidong, etc.), when the spike length is 5 to 8 cm, shoot with a tip of the stubble (20 to 30 kg per packet of water) to kill the top of the spike. It grows again to reach the effect of manual picking.

3. Create conditions for normal pollination and fertilization

Most varieties of female flowers must pass the process of pollination and fertilization to make their ovary develop normally. Although the male and female flowers of litchi grow on the same flower spike, most of the female and male flowers of the variety are not always open at the same time, but are commonly called female and male flowers in batches. Although the orchards of different varieties of mixed species can be opened at the same time, pollinating by bees, insects or wind, but often encounter rainy weather affect pollination and fertilization, resulting in false flowers.

4. Ring cut ring ring peeling protection

Ring-cutting is a more effective fruit-keeping measure and is applicable to the growth-prone result tree, especially the juvenile result tree. The effect is more significant. However, circumcision does not apply to trees that are old and weak. The circumcision time can be performed within 10 days after the female flower has been spent. Young glutinous rice pods thrive and can be circumcised for a second time in late May. The ring cut should be carried out on the main branch and the large branch. Select a large branch with a diameter of about 6 cm. In the smooth part, use an electric knife or a ring cutter to cut the ring. The depth of the ring cutting can only reach the essential part, and the ring cutting will be too deep. Causes the branches to die. The vigorously growing juvenile tree can also be used on the trunk or main branch with a stripping knife with a stripping width of 0.2-0.3 cm to carry out a spiral-shaped ring circumcision and 1-1.5 laps. The girdling should be in the flower spike 7 10 cm, such as glutinous rice cake, cinnamon and other late-maturing varieties, carried out in the middle of March in March and March, 10 days after the girdling or female flowers. In addition, in the winter, the main or main branch is tied with 16 to 14 iron wires, which has a good effect on protecting fruits.

5. Apply growth regulators to preserve fruit

According to the period and cause of physiological fruit drop, the growth regulator is used to protect the fruit. Generally, the first spray is applied about 15 days after the female flower is sprayed, the second time is sprayed about 8 days, and sprayed 2 to 3 times, effectively. Reduce fruit drop.

Litchi can only produce fruits and fruits to ensure the output of the results, prevent cracking of litchi, and ensure the quality of litchi in order to create higher planting benefits.

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