How to manage pear trees in January and February
In January and February, pear trees are still in the dormant period. New pear orchards should be built as soon as possible. Pruning and clearing of fruit orchards should be done in winter, and fruit bags and branches of diseases and pests should be cleaned up. If the organic fertilizer is not properly applied, it will end immediately in early January.
Newly built pear orchard: Planting in winter and early spring is suitable. Seedlings can be planted after falling leaves. Early planting is conducive to wound root healing and the occurrence of new roots, with high survival rate and good growth. Therefore, on the basis of deep plowing and deep plowing in winter, the border is 8 meters wide (even ditch is used to facilitate artificial bagging, pear picking and prevention). The border should be high in the middle and low on both sides, usually called arched back. The top of the bow is 0.4-0.5 meters above the field surface. At the same time, the groundwater level in Shanghai is relatively high. When the park is built, it is necessary to complete the peripheral ditches, waist ditches, and border ditches to form a small enclosed pear orchard drainage and irrigation system. Seedlings should be sturdy, disease-free, with well-developed roots, and fresh bark. The best choice of local self-breeding pear seedlings is beneficial to increase the survival rate and prolong economic life.
Variety selection: Pear varieties suitable for the development of the region, mainly high-quality early-maturing varieties that mature from July 20th to August 20th. Good varieties that can be promoted include Zaoshengxinshui, Aiganshui, Cuiguan, Xueqing, and Yuanhuang , Fengshui, etc. At the same time, the pollination tree should be configured according to the ratio of main planting and pollination tree 4:1. Now Xinya, Qingxiang and Huanghua are more ideal pollination varieties. The planting density determines the yield and profit of pears. The pear tree expands slowly but has a long economic life. It should be reasonably densely planted. The row spacing is 2m×4m, and 83 plants per mu are beneficial to early production, high yield and stability. Obtain long-term economic benefits. Pears are perennial crops, but base fertilizer is essential to promote the growth and development of young pear trees, and to produce early fruit. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare enough organic fertilizer (3-4 tons per mu) for accumulation and fermentation before planting to make it fully mature.
Rich orchard: Due to the continuous rain in December last year, the progress of winter pruning was delayed, and the winter pruning was not completed and strived to be completed by the end of January. After the beginning of spring, the sap begins to flow upwards, and the later the pruning in winter is completed, the more unfavorable the growth of the tree. If the winter pruning work has been completed, it is necessary to perform a re-pruning work, especially to check the completion of the thinning flower buds. The young trees generally need to thin out the axillary flower buds and top flower buds. The tree mainly produces short fruit branches, and the flower buds of the middle and long fruit branches should be thinned first. The thinning of flower buds should be mainly shortened and retracted, so that the fruiting part is close to the backbone branches. In principle, the ratio of flower buds to leaf buds is 1:1. About half of the flower volume of the whole tree is thinned out, but attention should be paid to the number of flower buds formed in the pear tree.
The cleaning of the garden in January and February is mainly the winter turning of the ground, the removal of litter on the ground, the removal of residual paper bags and stiff fruits on the branches, and the scraping of cracked bark and diseased spots on the trunk (ring disease, dry rot) ), after scraping, apply fungicides to protect it.
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